木瓜作物IPM技術

Abstract

木瓜為台灣重要經濟果樹之一，但病蟲危害嚴重，農民經常需使用防治措施，有時效果不盡理想，為有效防治病蟲害之發生，擬訂木瓜作物IPM技術之策略為：（一）網室栽培：選擇排水良好的土壤，作高畦並覆蓋防草蓆。（二）健康種苗：慎選健康種苗；無病毒與病害。（三）清園：園區內、外圍四周的雜草須清除乾淨，園內不可留有殘枝、葉、花及果等給病蟲原可能棲息或生長繁衍的場所。（四）監測：定植後每週確實調查病、蟲之發生種類與數量，以掌握適當的防治方法與時機。（五）防治資材應用：配合定期之病蟲害監測，於病蟲害未發生前或發生初期即以化學合成農藥或環境友善防治資材抑制。善用木瓜作物IPM技術，可以有效防治木瓜主要病蟲害之發生，且可以減少使用農藥達40%以上，並生產安全農產品。 Papaya is one of the important economic fruit trees in Taiwan, but it is seriously damaged by pests and diseases. Farmers often need to use some control measures, and sometimes the eff ect is not satisfactory. In order to eff ectively prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, the strategy of IPM technology for papaya crops is formulated as follows: (1) Net house cultivation: Choose a well-drained soil, make high borders and cover with grass-proof mats. (2) Healthy seedlings: choose healthy seedlings carefully; free of viruses and diseases. (3) Field sanitation: Weeds in the garden must be cleaned up. Residual branches, leaves, fl owers and fruits shall not be left in the garden where the source of diseases and insects may inhabit or grow and multiply. (4) Monitoring: After planting, the types and quantities of diseases and insects are actually investigated every week to grasp the appropriate control methods and timing. (5) Application of control materials: Cooperate with regular monitoring of pests and diseases, use chemically synthesized pesticides or environmentally friendly materials to control pests and diseases before they occur or at the early stage of occurrence. Making good use of IPM technology for papaya crops can effectively prevent the occurrence of major diseases and insect pests of papaya, reduce the use of pesticides by more than 40%, and produce safe agricultural products.