文心蘭「檸檬綠」植體元素與花芽發育異常之探討

Abstract

本研究以2 年生文心蘭「檸檬綠」 (Oncidesa Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’) 為試驗材料，在假球莖成熟其花芽或葉芽剛成長時，對其葉與假球莖進行植體元素分析，探討氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、碳、碳氮比、鐵及錳等元素濃度與「檸檬綠」花芽發育異常之關係。嘉義大林與彰化大村發生僅長側芽(跳花) 植株之葉中氮含量僅1.64% 與1.65%，遠低於開花正常的植株之葉中氮含量2.15% 與2.36%，且氮在植株體內含量高、波動大，推論氮可能與「檸檬綠」跳花有關。磷在植株體內含量低(0.13%)、波動穩定，推論磷應與跳花相關性低，無促進開花效果。發生跳花的植株葉中鉀之含量(2.18%) 遠低於開花正常的植株葉中鉀之含量(3.12%)，且鉀在植株體內含量高、波動大，推論鉀可能與「檸檬綠」跳花有關。碳在文心蘭「檸檬綠」正常開花與跳花植株體內含量穩定，與跳花關係不大，碳氮比似乎不能完全解釋文心蘭開花的關係。鈣在正常開花與跳花植株體內波動大，應與植株缺氮有關、與跳花無關。鎂在植株體內波動較小、表現相對穩定，應與跳花無關。微量元素鐵、錳於植株中含量高或低都會造成跳花，顯示鐵、錳與跳花無關。經由植株元素分析與外表觀察及生理表現，總結嘉義大林與彰化大村兩處生產場域發生嚴重花芽異常發育應與植株氮缺乏有關。 In this study, 2-year-old Oncidesa Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’ was used as the plant material to analyze the plant elements of its leaves and pseudobulbs to explore the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, carbon, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), iron, manganese and other elements with the effects on abnormal flowering O. Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’. The nitrogen content in the leaves of the abnormal flowering plants collected from Dalin, Chiayi, and Dacun, Changhua Counties was only 1.64% and 1.65%, which was much lower than 2.15% and 2.36% in the leaves of plants with normal flowering, and the nitrogen content in the plant was high and fluctuated greatly. It was inferred that nitrogen might also be related to abnormal flowering. The content of phosphorus in the plant was around 0.13% and fluctuated stably. It showed that phosphorus had a low correlation with abnormal flowering and had no effect on promoting flowering. The potassium content of 2.18% in the leaves of abnormal flowering plants was much lower than the potassium content of 3.12% in the leaves of the normal flowering plants. Moreover, the potassium content in the plants was high and fluctuated greatly. It showed that potassium might be related to the O. Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’ abnormal flowering. The content of carbon was stable both in normal and abnormal flowering O. Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’, so it might not be related to the abnormal flowering, and the C/N ratio could not fully explain the flowering. Calcium content fluctuated greatly in normal flowering and abnormal flowering plants. It might be related to the plant nitrogen deficiency instead of the abnormal flowering. Magnesium content fluctuated less and was relatively stable in the plants, not relating to the abnormal flowering. Regardless of high or low content of iron and manganese trace elements in plants, all test plants had abnormal flowering, and it showed that iron and manganese were not related to abnormal flowering. Based on the elemental analysis, observation of plant growth, and physiological performance, it was concluded that severe abnormal flowering in these two production areas, Dalin, Chiayi, and Dacun, Changhua might be related to the nitrogen deficiency in plants.