東方果實蠅防治之現代化-區域防治

Abstract

我國防治東方果實蠅乃採用高誘效之甲基丁香油進行滅雄，減少繁殖率，再配合食物性誘殺及清園等措施以壓制果實蠅之危害。惟因部份農民錯誤之防治觀念，以及防治區組織不足，導致防治成效無法彰顯。特於中美農業科技合作計畫項下，由夏威夷引進「區域防治」之概念與內容，以強化我國防治果實蠅之工作效率，藉由國內固有之農民組織(172個農會及青果合作社等)，將占原有共同防治面積34%的48,000公頃重要水果產區，重新規劃為400餘處防治區，由監測防治區內外之果實蠅密度修正防治之弱點，再追蹤區外果實蠅發生熱點並加以撲滅。所使用之防治資材仍以含毒甲基丁香油為主，必要時輔以食物性誘餌。各防治區均由農民自行組織，定期回報密度監測資料，防治策略則仍由農業試驗所協助擬定。經於員林及溪州進行25及360公頃之區域防治區測試，證實25公頃大小的區域已足供辦理有效之防治，且成效顯著。 The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is the biggest threat to fruit production in Taiwan. Modern control methods have been applied on this pest, however, the cooperation amongst individual farmer was not efficient. Recently, the area-wide control concept has been studied, investigated, and applied to a fruit fly control program. The area-wide control system is an independent, self- managed pest control body, which involves farmers, pest-density monitoring in a defined district, measurements of pest density differences between control and uncontrolled areas, search for hot spots, and elimination of hot spots by integrated control measures. The area-wide control system can be nicely adapted to Taiwan because the well-organized farmer associations can serve as local leaders. The fruit fly control depends mainly on methyl eugenol traps for male annihilation, the food bait for short-term control of females, orchard sanitation, etc. Currently, 172 farmer associations in fruit production areas have joined this program. More than 400 area-wide control districts with a total area of 48,000ha have been planned i.e., approximately 100ha per district. Area-wide control has been tested in Yuan-lin and His-chou, and the tested fields were 25 and 360ha, respectively. Results indicate that area-wide control is efficient enough in a well-planned orchard as small as 25ha. The 2-year field trial on 360ha in Hsi-chou demonstrated that area-wide control measures could successfully eliminate the seasonally high fruit fly occurrence.