水稻之發育過程與健康管理

Abstract

水稻是台灣最主要的農藝作物，品質與產量的提昇一直是台灣稻作的研發目標。近年來在生態保育及永續理念的發展下，如何研發更精準有效的栽培策略以培育出衛生、安全及優質稻米產品已成為稻作產業新的挑戰。作物生理是栽培管理的基礎，穩定的生理指標可提升栽培操作的精準性。本篇文章先說明台灣水稻栽培之氣象環境特性，再解釋水稻基本的生育發育期，以葉齡的發育為主軸，利用葉與其他器官之同伸現象可推論其他器官之生長發育情形。研究與實際經驗顯示葉齡是一穩定、觀察容易的生理指標，可以作為栽培管理措施的依據。本文章也提出一農民業者與試驗推廣單位之互動模式，可即時調整適當之栽培操作。本文並說明水稻穎果的發育性質及其與稻米品質間的相關性，說明環境因子對稻米品質形成的影響。這些訊息將提供栽培實作領域作為規劃水稻健康管理策略，培育高產高品質之稻米產品之參考。

Rice is the most important agronomic crop in Taiwan. Improvements of quality and yield have always been the main objectives of rice culture. In recent years, maintenance of ecology balance and producing healthy and safe quality rice have been becoming more challengeable to rice cultivation. Understanding of physiological processes of rice development should benefit the efficiency of culture management. In the present report we firstly explain physiological developmental processes of rice plant. Using the development of leaves as index, the development of other organs including tillers and panicles can also be predicated. Empirical results indicate that leaf age is a reliable physiological index for culture management. An integrated system between farmers and experimental or extension units is proposed to develop a real time adjustable culture management process. Physiology basis for rice caryopsis development and grain quality formation is also explained in the context. Researches indicate that temperature, light intensity and nitrogen are major factors crucial to rice quality formation. The proposed information is expected to be helpful to establish a practical and efficient culture management system for rice farmers or related industry participants.