不同敷蓋材料及灌溉水量對茶樹之影響

Abstract

茶園以碎花生殼敷蓋，灌溉後第一天及第十天之下次施灌前，經採取各處理根層土壤測定其水分含量，結果顯示B處理因考慮敷蓋材料之吸水性而增加灌溉水量，因此施灌十天後深度20?40公分之土層水分含量仍接近l/2有效水分含量，而不考慮加灌敷蓋材料吸水之A處理之土壤水分則僅約1/4有效水分，無敷蓋之C處理雖與A處理施灌量一樣，但含水更低。而各處理之茶菁產量與品質，以A、B敷蓋處理較佳。冬茶乾旱時期，B處理之茶菁產量與品質更有較佳之趨勢。試驗結果顯示敷蓋材料吸水性必須於灌溉時予以考慮，則不但可保持土壤水分，更可延長灌溉週期，否則必須縮短灌溉週期。 不同敷蓋材料所含養份，以茶渣最高，蔗渣最低。經過二年田間敷蓋後，茶渣及蔗渣之自然風化分解快。雜草抑制效果以谷殼最差，因其質量較輕，易受雨水沖刷而流失。 The soil moisture of root zones was found to be better maintained when considered the water absorption of crushed peanut husks mulched in tea garden. ten days after irrigation, soil water contents in the 20-40 cm layer was still around 1/ 2A.M., whereas in the peanut husk mulching without considering water absorption, the soil moisture was only 1/4 A. M., at the some depth. The non-mulched treatment contained much lower water. Peanut husk mulching tended to increase tea yield and quality, especially the fact that mulching considered water absorption obviously upgraded tea yield and quality in dry winter. It is suggested that conducting mulching in tea gardens should take consideration of increases in absorbed water of mulching materials so that better soil moisture can be retained in the field and irrigation interval can be lengtherned. Effects of mulching different materials on tea were also investigated. Based on the observation of 2 year studies. Spent tea leaves and sugarcane dregs degraded more quickly than peanut husks and rice hulls. As compared to other materials rice hulls had worst effects in weed control because the light properties of the material made it easier dispersed away by rain fall. Chemical analysis showed that nutrient contents in spent tea leaves were the highest and that of sugarcane dregs were the lowest.