臺灣玉米品種改良之成就與展望

Abstract

臺灣在以水稻生產為主的耕作制度之下，玉米原為山坡地及旱地間作的小作物，隨著農業發展方向的改變，玉米的需求量不斷增加，用途也朝向多樣化拓展。四十多年來，臺灣玉米研究人員努力收集種源，運用各種遺傳育種策略，已先後育成飼料玉米十個品種、食用玉米七個品種、以及青割玉米二個品種，其他相關的研究成果也頗為豐碩。展望未來，降低生產成本、維護環境品質、善用日漸枯竭的水資源及開發更具競爭能力之特殊用途產品，都將是非常重要的目標。因此，育成具多種病蟲害抵抗性、低肥條件下生長良好、適合機械管理及耐旱性強之多樣玉米品種，應屬必要。 Originally as a minor crop grown in splope and upland fields under rice-based cropping system in Taiwan, maize development has been increased both in demand and in multiple-use after the change of agricultural policy. For past forty years, local maize breeder have done their best in collecting germplasms and using breeding strategies, and have developed 10 field maize, 7 green maize and 2 forage maize varieties as well as tremendous accomplishment in relative researches. Looking into future prospect, lowering production cost, maintaining environmental quality, well-distributing the running out water resource, and developing more competitive special products are important objectives to overcome. Hence, development of hybrids with multiple pest resistance, better performance in low fertilizer condition, suitability for machine management and high drough tolerance is urgently needed.