雜草逆境對不整地栽培玉米生育之影響

Abstract

臺灣地區玉米的種植面積、單位產量、及生產總量自光復以來即逐年的增加，近年來已成為最主要的雜糧作物。玉米在生育的過程中必將遭遇許多逆境，而雜草的發生與干擾是無可避免的一項。為求穩定玉米的生產，除了應持續遺傳育種研究以改進品質、產量及對環境的適應性外，更應思謀改善其生產環境，減少或避免逆境效應，以充分發揮其作物之生產潛能“不整地栽培是因應降低生產成本的一項對策，從而提高玉米生產的經濟效益。欲行不整地栽培，當首先瞭解已存在於田區自然繁衍的雜草族群的干擾效應及除草成效，方能據以研擬雜草管理策略。本文綜合近年來的研究成果，以陳述雜草逆境對不整地栽培玉米生育的影響，同時兼述雜草干擾時期及雜草量與玉米產量之關係，期能有助於改進不整地玉米田的雜草管理。 With increasing cropping acreage, unit area production and total yield since 1945, corn (Zea maysL.) becomes the major dryland crop grown in Taiwan recently. During its growth, yet, the occurrence of weeds can cause losses by reducing yield, by lowering quality, and by hindering harvest. In 1993 ¡¥ nearly 1.4 billions of New Taiwan dollars were estimated spent for controlling weeds in this crop. It is therefore a need to conduct research on the extent and causes of the losses through weed interference. Additionally it is a primary concern of corn producers in Taiwan to reduce the production costs nowadays. No-till cultivation is one of the solutions that has actually being taken for this purpose. However, the interference of the naturally occurring weed infestations on the process of corn growth should be fully understood before such practice be extensively esteemed. The objectives of this paper are to discuss the effects of weed interference on the growth and yield of no-till corn, and to describe in details the relationships between yield and the duration of weed interference and the amount of weeds occupied in the field.