穗花蛇菰抗炎鎮痛之藥理學研究

Abstract

穗花蛇菰（Balanophora spicata HAYATA）為蛇菰科植物，臺灣民間一般用以清熱解毒、散瘀消腫、涼血止痛。本研究擬就穗花蛇菰的地上及地下部分，進行其鎮痛、消炎之探討。結果發現穗花蛇菰對醋酸扭體反應有抑制作用，而在福馬林舔足實驗中顯示地上、地下及各分層對面、後期舔足時間均有劑量依存性的抑制效果，而且後期抑制效果大於前期。再將各分層以柱層分離得到germacerene B，β-amyrin，β-amyrin palmitate, lupeol palmitate, lupeol acetate和lupeol stearate。其中lupeol acetate產率最高，並於formalin致炎實驗中，發現其對後期有顯著抑制作用；並可抑制醋酸的扭體反應。 穗花蛇菰之抗炎效果以足趾浮腫及皮膚視窗實驗分析，嶺現對γ-carrageenin及sero-tonin引發之足趾腫脹有作用；對各種不同致炎劑（bradykinin, PGE2, histamine, serotonin等）引起之皮膚血管滲透性增加之也有明顯的抑制效果。 綜合以上結果，可知穗花蛇菰的確有很好的消腫止痛作用，其鎮痛機轉可能和中區及周邊神經系統有關。 Balanophora spicata HAYATA.( abbreviation as BS) is a parastic plant of Balanophoraceae. It has been used as a folk medicine in Taiwan to increase strength, sobering up from drunkness, reducing fever and as an antidote. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of spikes (BSS) and rhizoma (BSR) of BS were studied. The following results were obtained. The crude extracts of BSS and BSR inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response and inhibited the early and late phases of pain response induced by formalin. The analgesic effect of BS on the late phase is more potent than on the early phase. The similar effects in different extracted layers were obtained. Several components extracted from hexane layer of BSR were BSRH-1, β- amyrin, β- amyrin palmitate, lupeol palmitate, lupeol stearate and lupeol acetate. Among them, lupeol acetate was the most abundant. Lupeol acetate inhibited the late phase of pain response induced by formalin. It also inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. BSS and BSR inhibited the increase in vascular permeability which evoked by bradykinin, PGE2, histamine and serotonin. Furthermore, BSS, BSR, different layers and lupeol acetate all inhibited the early and late phases of edema induced by γ-carrageenin. From above results, it is suggested that BS has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory substances both in central and peripheral nervous systems.