植物種苗法之新品種命名及權利登記制度

Abstract

植物種苗法之立法宗旨，在於保護新品種權利，實施種苗業管理，以提高種苗品質，權尼進品種改良，增進農業生產。為有效保障育種者權益，維護從事農試研究人員研究開發成果之智慧財產權，農委會完成立法程序，推動植物新品種命名及權利登記制度之施行；因此從事植物育種有關工作者，必須對植物種苗法之相關法令規定有基本之認識，以維護自己的應有權益，並避免無意中侵犯他人之權利而違反法律。我國新品種命名及權利登記制度之重點摘要如下： 一、適用新品種命名及權利登記制度之植物種類由農委會指定公告。 二、未經核准命名登記之新品種，不得推廣銷售。 三、經核准權利登記之新品種其權利人專有推廣、銷售及使用權。 四、新品種權利期間為十五年，自審定公告之日起算。 五、新品種審查結果有異議時，循異議、再審查、複核程序辦理。 六、受僱人育成或發現之新品種，其權利屬雇用人所有、但應給與受僱人相當之獎勵金。 七、經核准權利登記之新品種其權利人須履行繳交年費、積極推廣、保存足量種苗並維持品種特性、不得誇大推廣銷售等義務，以免被撒銷權利。 New variety denomination and breeder’s right protection system is the major part of “Plant Seed Law” in Taiwan, according to the enforcement of this system, plant breeder’s and researcher’s intellegence property can be protected well, therefor in order to promote breeding activity and to facilitate agricultural production. Anyone who involved in plant breeding, seed and/or seeding propagation and extention; must have some basic knowedge about relevent rules of new variety denomination and breed er’s right protection system in Taiwan. The main items of this system are given as follow: 1. Categories of plants governed by this system shall be designated and announced in public by Council of Agriculture. 2. No promotion and sales activities shall be effected in respect of a new variety unless it has been approved for denomination registration. 3. For a new variety approved for breeder’s right to registration, the registrant shall have the exclusive right promote, sell and use such new variety. 4. The validity of breeder’s right in a new variety shall be 15 years effective from the date of publication of the application. 5. If there is any opposition to the new variety examination result, it shall follow the procedures of opposition, re-examination, and reconsideration. 6. The breeder’s right in a new variety bred or discovered by an employee shall be vested to his employer provided, however, the employer shall pay to the employee monetary reward in an appropriate amount. 7. The owner of breeder’s right in a new variety shall pay the annuity, keep enough seed and/or seedling of new variety, promote and sell the new variety properly, as his duty.