冬季綠蘆筍生產試驗

Abstract

蘆筍具有低溫休眠期性，本省冬季期間因溫度過低無法正常生產。試驗目的試利用塑膠布簡易隧道棚提高蘆筍田溫度以生產冬季綠蘆筍，供應需求日增的國內市場。試驗田利用隧道式塑膠布覆蓋後，可以大幅度提高地上和地下溫度，日照充足時地上15cm處提高約10℃，地下15cm處提高2-10℃。三年生以上蘆筍田塑膠布覆蓋後不留母莖栽培，採收期自12月18日-2月28日計73天。總產量達4,000-4,500kg/ha，留母莖採收總產量只有l,000-1,300kg/ha。因採收30天後嫩莖逐漸變細，品質低劣，故30天是合理的冬季綠蘆筍生產日數，其總產量介於2,500-3,000kg/ha冬季綠蘆筍不留母莖覆蓋生產30天後貯藏根含糖量由47％降至30%；而放任休閒對照區則提昇至52%(12月9日-1月9日)，同年度春季嫩莖量約減產20%，植株高度與莖徑亦略低及細小，但第二季產量與植株生長勢則無差異。由於一套隧道式塑膠布設施在一筍田只採收30天，因此同-套設施在同年度冬季期至少可使用2次以上，依2次評估塑膠布覆蓋生產冬季綠蘆筍，在市價每公斤65元計其效益每公頃可達54,490元。 Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of plastic tunnel on the yield and quality of green asparagus in the winter. Two sizes of plastic tunnel and two cultivation methods (i.e. with and without mother stalk) were used in the experiments. Results indicated that covering of plastic tunnel increase 10℃ and 2-10℃ of air and soil (15cm above and below ground) temperatures, respectively. The yields were 2500-3000 kg/ha and 1000-1300 kg/ha for the cultivation methods without and wtih mother stalk, respectively. The reasonal harvesting period are 30 days because after 30 production cause spear slender or unmarketable and the soluble carbohydrate content in storage roots decrease from 47% to 37 %. Yield in the following spring for the field of producing winter green asparagus was less 20% than that were not used.