高屏地區巨峰葡萄試作

Abstract

早在十多年前，高屏地區即有零星農友試栽葡萄，然因春季萌芽率及枝條帶花率低且花穗小，造成低產與不穩定的現象，而告失敗。惟部分農友深信，高屏地區冬、春溫暖且乾燥之氣候條件，是具有生產早市水果，以應市場需求之潛力。因此，民間自行發展高屏地區早春葡萄之努力從未間斷，而造成農友金錢上之損失。本場為探討造成產量低且不穩定之真正原因，並研究一套可行之方法，以提供及輔導農友正常生產，乃進行芽體分化調查與休剪催芽試驗。 試驗結果顯示：在10月中旬至翌年1月中旬間進行修剪催芽，可於2月至6月間收穫糖度達16˚Brix以上之巨峰葡萄，惟產量方面尚不穩定。而1月下旬催芽之萌芽率不但較1月上旬者高，且所需之2一氯乙醇濃度也較低。此外，以2月初修剪催芽後所萌發之枝梢為材料，發現芽體中花穗原始體分化數及發育大小，隨著枝梢發育之進展而增加，盛花後60天，各節位芽體之花穗原始體之發育已趨穩定，其中以第6至第18節位之芽體分化最佳。 Comparison with the central Taiwan, the potential for harvesting fruit earlier to meet the market needs in southern Taiwan is due mainly to the warm and dry climate conditions during winter season. Therefore, farmers tried to grow grapevines at Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas ten more years ago. However, the yield was low because of lower percentages of bud breaking and fruiting shoot, smaller clusters, and serious disease injuries which then caused the changing of planting locations and acreages within these areas. To investigate the causes for lower yield and hence to provide solutions, a series of trials on pruning and dormant bud breaking were conducted. Results showed that pruning starting from mid-October to January of next year, harvested between February and June, can produce good quality Kyoho grapevines (V. vinif era L. x V. labrusca Bailey) with 16 degree of brix for soluble solid. However, the yield was unstable. In the trials for breaking dormant bud, concentration of ethylene chlorohydrin required for breaking dormant bud in early January was higher than that in late January. The latter had a higher bud breaking percentage also. The progressive development of bunch primordia of buds on shoots pruned at early February was also studied. Both of the number and size of bunch primordia were increased as the growth stage proceeded. The development of bunch pri- mordia was steady begining from 60 days after full blooming. Well-differentiated buds which had higher fruiting potential were found from 6th to 18th nodes.