葡萄介殼蟲綜合防治

Abstract

危害本省葡萄之介殼蟲有粉介殼蟲(Planococcus citri Risso)及圓介殼蟲(Hemiberlesia lataniae Signonet)兩種。在臺中冬季網室內及25℃定溫生長箱內觀察粉介殼蟲在代用寄主植物黃滬葉片上之生活史，結果在網室內其雌蟲完成生活史平均需120.1日；雄蟲平均需58.3日。在25℃定溫生長箱內，其雌蟲完成生活史平均需65.1日；雄蟲平均需31.9日。在臺中冬季1至5月及春季4至7月之網室內及25℃定溫生長箱內以南瓜為代用寄主觀察圓介殼蟲之生活史，結果在冬季網室內完成生活史平均需時123.4日；在春季平均需時96日；在25℃定溫箱內完成生活史平均需78.0日。由以上觀察結果顯示，粉介殼蟲及圓介殼蟲在臺灣中部地區冬季發育雖緩慢，但仍可生長及發育，應注意防治。以不同種類之殺蟲劑試驗對粉介殼蟲及圓介殼蟲之防治效果，並分析葡萄果實內農藥殘留量，結果以40% Supracide 800倍或44% Dimethoate 1000倍，在冬季葡萄修剪後施用，對防治粉介殼蟲及圓介殼蟲具有防治效果。 Two species of scale insects, the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), and the grapevine armored scale insect, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signonet) were found infesting on the grape in Taiwan. The citrus mealybug was reared on the leaves of Gardenia augusta (Merr. ) and the life history were observed in screenhouse in winter season at Taichung and in the growth chamber (25℃, 65% rh.). The life history of the female and the male in greenhouse were 120.1 and 58.3 days, respectively. The grapevine armored scale insect was reared on pumpkin and the life history was observed in screenhouse in winter season, spring season, and in the growth chamber (25℃). The results showed that the life history were 123.4, 96.0, 78.0 days, respectively. The results revealed that both of the mealybug and the armored scale insects were able to grow and to develop in winter season at central Taiwan. Various insecticides have been tested for the controlling of both of the mealybug and the armored scale insects at laboratory and in field tests. The results have shown that the using of 4096 Supracide or 44% Dimethoate in winter season after the grape trees have been pruned, were very effective to control the grape scale insects.