臺灣水稻抗白葉枯病研究回顧與育種策略

Abstract

水稻白葉枯病係由Xanthomans oryzae pv. oryzae所引起的一種細菌性維管束病害，其病原細菌在維管束中孳生繁殖及產生阻塞多醣體。初期病癥呈水浸狀，後葉片維管束阻塞嚴重營養水份因而無法運輸，水浸狀病癥進而轉為波浪枯黃之病斑。枯萎葉片相對減少水稻植株光合作用能力，間接影響稻米產量及品質。目前水稻白葉枯病在臺灣每年將近2萬公頃稻田發生此病害，世界水稻生產區如亞洲、非洲等地區均受其害。相關的研究在臺灣始自1968年，本報告將過去的研究，整理分類為3部份，分別為病原發現及其生態、抗病種原遺傳與檢定、抗病育種及防治策略，將之節錄後，再與國外相關研究相比較後，對未來臺灣抗白葉枯病育種研究提出策略。 Bacterial blight (BB) is a serious disease caused by Xanthonomas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) for rice production in Taiwan. Every year, around 20,000 ha or 10 percent of total rice field suffered from the epidemics of this disease in Taiwan. Breeding for varieties resistance to this disease has been utmost important in Taiwan. To cope with this problem, an integrated scheme of screening the resistance of breeding lines and varieties has been set up through cooperative efforts among different research units in Taiwan since 1975. Rice bacterial blight disease caused by a bacterial vascular disease, pathogenic bacteria propagated in the vascular bundles and produced many polysaccharides to block the vascular. Early symptoms were flooding-shaped and leaf vascular occlusion after high levels to inhibit the water and nutrient to be transported in the plants. Bacterial blight of rice currently in Taiwan occurs every year nearly 20,000 hectares of paddy fields. Bacterial blight was occurred in Taiwan began in 1968, reviews of past researches in this report, and departed in 3 parts, respectively for pathogen detection and ecology, disease resistant resource and its detection testing, and strategies of disease-resistant breeding and its control technology research and development. The strategy of disease-resistant breeding would be concerned to challenge the variation of the pathogen in the future.