臺灣平地桃的育種成果與展望

Abstract

臺灣桃樹栽培生產主要以高山和平地兩種生產類型，政府為減緩高山墾殖對環境所造成的缺失，積極支持桃樹不區化的品種改良研發，營造環境親和型的桃樹永續發展產業。農試所1996年以來以人工雜交授粉19萬以上的花朵，培育近2萬株實生後代。主要育種目標為育成低需冷量、低酸、早熟、大果、外觀鮮豔、品質優良的早、中、晚熟平地水蜜桃新品種。經淘汰選拔，多年來本所已命名推廣’台農甜蜜‘、’春蜜‘、’夏蜜‘及春豐’及‘紅玉’等5個新品種，經品種授權、繁殖及推廣，目前新品種約佔總栽培面的6成以上。為增加桃果實類丑的多樣性，油桃、蟠桃與花果兼用桃將是未來桃樹育種的主要研發目標。因應氣候變遷全球暖化，極低需冷量桃的品種研發，方能滿足暖化環境下樹體休眠的低溫需求，更是平地桃育種的主要核心工作，為臺灣桃樹產業在地化、優質化與多樣化的永續發展奠定根基。 Peach production mainly can be divided in high mountain and low land types of Taiwan. In order to lessen the environmental impact due to high mountain plantation, research finance is supported by the government to develop low-chill peach cultivars for friendly relations to environment and sustainable development of peach industry. More than 189,643 flowers have been hand pollinated and including open pollination totally 19,263 seedlings have been successfully raised since 1996. Peach breeding objectives are to develop low chilling requirement, low acidity, early maturation, large fruit size, attractive appearance, and different ripening stages. Through selection procedure, 5 new low-chill cultivars named ‘Premier’, ‘SpringHoney’, ‘SummerHoney’, ‘Chuenfeng’, and ‘Red Jade’ were registered and released. Cultivation area of thes cultivars reached more than 60% of total production. In order to increase the diversity of peach fruit types, nectarines, flat peaches, and dual purpose (ornamental and fresh consumption) will be the next selection goals. For coping with climate change, very low-chill cultivars need to develop for insufficient chilling requirement during mild winter which will be the core work for peach breeding and being the fundament of localizable, qualitative, diverse, and sustainable development of peach industry.