耐低溫大豆品種選育及低投施栽培技術改進

Abstract

因應氣候變遷進行耐逆境種源收集評估及選育能適應惡劣環境及需肥性低且抗病蟲害的大豆新品種。並建立高密度、低投施之省工栽培技術，降低大豆生產成本，以穩定農民收益。本計畫雜交育種與引種同步進行，區域試驗之大豆品系TS99-38S平均產量每公頃2,107–3,896公斤，較高雄選10號增加13.0–16.2%，且耐白粉病。並從世界蔬菜中心種原庫篩選15個品種及國外引進Stuart等6個品種，IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) 進行64個品系之引種評估。省工栽培試驗，粗放栽培地區以撒播開溝、水旱田輪作田區以作畦栽培、旱田田區以條播栽培表現較佳。秋作黑豆可採密植行株距50公分*10公分*2株種植，以9月份為較佳播種期；春作亦可採密植行株距50公分*10公分*2株種植，以2月份為較佳播種期，感光性品種不宜3月之後種植。耐低溫適合早春或秋裡作品種選育，汰劣擇優選留20個品系晉級，早春以C102-10 (TN3-S) 每公頃2,231表現較佳。 In order to adapt to the impacts of climate change, we collected the soybean varieties and developed the varieties that are stress tolerant and disease resistant and require low fertilizer cost. We also established labor-saving cultivation methods that can achieve high planting density, decrease costs and maintain the benefit for farmers. In this project, we cross bred and introduced soybean varieties at the same time. In the regional trial, the average yield of soybean line TS99-38S was 2,107–3,896 kg/ha, which was 13.0–16.2% more than Kaohsiung selection No.10. This line is tolerant of powdery mildew. We selected 15 varieties from AVGRIS (AVRDC Vegetable Genetic Resources Information System) and introduced 64 varieties from IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) and 6 varieties from other countries. Based on the result of the labor-saving experiment, it is ideal to cultivate by broadcasting and ploughing furrow in a more extensive cultivation system field. The rice-upland rotation fields are better suited to using ridges for cultivation and it is better to drill when the water supply is sufficient. Autumn and spring crops of black soybean can both be cultivated by creating a spacing of 50cm*10cm*2. Their proper sowing dates are September and February. Furthermore, it is not suitable to cultivate the photosensitivity varieties after March. We selected 20 lines under cold temperatures for early spring crop or autumn intercrop, and C102-10(TN3-S) had higher yields (2,231 kg/ha) in the early spring crop.