耐旱節水水稻新品系之研發

Abstract

稻為全球三大主要作物之一，全球稻米的生產約有75%來自於灌溉方式所栽培的水稻，在農作物的栽培中，水稻是所有作物中耗水量最大的作物。近年來，隨著氣候異常，加上都市化民生用水及工業化用水量激增，引發水源運用分配的問題，因此改善農業用水資源利用的情形，才可達到農業永續經營的目標。現行水稻湛水栽培耗用大量水源，成為農業灌溉用水的最大宗，因此在水資源分配競爭的情況下，提升灌溉用水效率，發展節水栽培技術，對水稻的生產、糧食的供應相當重要。本計畫擬研發適合臺灣地區的節水栽培品種，評估節水栽培對水分利用效率的影響，藉此發展出低投入、高效率的環境親合性栽培技術。本試驗進行8個雜交組合，繁殖9個F1雜交組合，並於看天田進行觀察選拔，並有35個品系進行觀察試驗，以篩選下一世代作為明年度初級產量比較試驗之育種材料。35個參試材料於節水環境下有11個品系發揮較佳耐旱特性，生育及產量性狀與慣行栽培環境下並無明顯差異，甚或高於慣行栽培下之材料。 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staples in the world. Seventy five percent of the world’s rice is grown under flooded, or submerged conditions, it is also one of the biggest users of the world’s developed freshwater resources. Water for agriculture, especially for irrigated rice production, is becoming increasingly scarce due to greater urban, domestic and industrial demand. This research aims to obtain a proper method for the development of rice varieties can maintain or increase rice production under the situation of facing decline water availability. In 2013~2013, a total of 8 new combinations were crossed, 9 new F1 generation were developed, a total of 35 strains were selected out in F6 generation for observation tests. A total of 11 strains that allow rice production to be maintained or increased in the face of declining water availability.