毛豆外銷專區及恆春地區洋蔥環境親和型輪作系統經營模式建立

Abstract

本計畫目的為建立外銷專區及恆春地區洋蔥合理化的輪作經營模式。於外銷毛豆專區開發新的外銷蔬菜產品如甜玉米、青花菜等，以解決連作障礙，提升農場經營效益。經連續兩年比較4種不同處理的耕作模式中，全年的總收益以A處理 (9月上旬毛豆－11月下旬甜玉米－2月下旬毛豆－6月休耕) 每公頃121,860元最高，較對照D處理 (9月中旬毛豆－12月休耕－2月上旬毛豆－5月休耕) 增加69.3%；其次為B處理 (9月上旬毛豆－11月下旬青花菜－2月下旬毛豆－6月休耕) 的91,346元，較對照D處理增加26.9%；最低的為C處理 (9月中旬毛豆－12月休耕－2月中旬毛豆－5月青割玉米) 的77,762元，較對照D處理僅增加8.1%。三種洋蔥輪作處理區之101/102年期洋蔥產量以綠肥大豆輪作處理61.3 mt/ha最高，其次為田菁的59.7 mt/ha。但以田菁輪作區之大球比率較高，收益較好。三種輪作作物之第1期輪作生物產量以青割玉米的51.8 mt/ha最高，而綠肥大豆及田菁分別為26.0 mt/ha及28.8 mt/ha。第2期輪作作物由於8月份兩次颱風侵襲，造成恆春地區連續降雨及嚴重淹水，導致本期作作物全部流失。 The purposes of this program were to establish the environmental friendly rotation models for vegetable soybeans in export professional fields and onions in Henchun area. The experimental results of vegetable soybean rotations were summarized as follow during the fall crop in 2011 to the summer crop in 2013. Rotation model A was the highest annual profits by 121,860 NTD/ha, which was 69.3% higher than check treatment D. The rotation treatments B and C had higher annual profits, which were 26.9% and 8.1% higher than check treatment. On onion rotation trails, the onion yield of green manure soybean rotation system was 61.3 mt/ha which was the highest. The onion yields were 59.7 mt/ha and 53.5 mt/ha by sesbania rotation and forage maize rotation respectively. The biomasses of forage maize, green manure soybean and sesbania, were 51.8 mt/ha, 26.0 mt/ha and 28.8 mt/ha respectively. The growths of 3 rotation crops were limited by rainfall within seedling stage. The second rotation crop was affected by 2 typhoons that induced serious crop damage and all crops were lost.