環境與稻作生產-總論

Abstract

稻米為世界上名列前矛的重要糧食之一，尤以亞洲為最主要生產與消費地區。稻的栽培種有亞洲地區的oryza sativa L．及非洲地區的oryza Glaberrima Steud等兩種，由於遺傳歧異度高加上人為的馴化及傳播，目前稻之產區幾乎遍及全球（極地例外），對環境適應性甚廣。惟稻株生育表現仍受到環境顯著影響，變化劇烈或極限環境均不利稻株生長，並限制生產潛力的發揮。因此，詳細而深入瞭解稻作生產與環境關係，乃維持稻米穩定生產之不二法門。本書計十章，吾人當可從書中截取許多有關稻作生產的專業知識，更重要的，也可以由描述水稻與環境之對應關係中學習到正確的「農法」。農業知識和科技皆隨空大幅進步，然而環境卻走向難以預測的淵藪與作物競相抗衡，問題所在是探討的關鍵。如何能在環境保護、生態維護及經濟效益上獲得「三贏」，重點在於目標與決心。無論政府與民眾均應在理念與做法上抱持宏觀，從長遠的生存去謀求發展，切莫削足適履短視眼前利益。 Rice is one of the major food crops in the world, and Asia is the main production and consumption area among all. There are two types of rice yarieties, Oryza sativa L. and Oryza glaberrima Steud. With highly genetic variability and diversity, rice adapts to variable environments and spreads widely to varied habitats. However, the growth and yield of rice are governed by environment and limited to stress conditions. This book has ten chapters describing rice-environment relations. The chapters tell professional knowledge about bettering rice production in dealing with environment. Moreover, one can learn further from the behind lecture about the appropriate manner of agriculture. Knowledge and technology in agriculture advance with time while environment goes worse and worse day by day to against crop production. The problem is there, how human being gains the profit without breaking the nature law. To sustain human life, first of all is to make agriculture sustainable. Short cut gives short view yet long head gets long price. The key is in your hand.