天然災害後菇蕈類病害的發生與管理

Abstract

台灣菇蕈類絕大多數採用室內設施栽培，如太空包、塑膠瓶、堆肥床等栽培方式，僅極少數為段木栽培，其栽培介質需經堆積發酵及滅菌處理，無論接種、培養與出菇都須在可防止雜菌與病蟲害感染之環境下進行，但天然災害仍會對菇蕈產業造成不同程度的損害，當天災發生時，栽培使用的機械設備設施、栽培材料與生產環境都會受到污染，雜菌與病蟲害會隨著擴散而造成相當程度的危害，因此災後機械設備與栽培設施之清理、栽培材料與栽培基質處理、栽培環境之重整都顯得格外重要，天然災害發生是無可避免且甚難預防的，只要在災後迅速以正確的措施做好病害的預防管理，必能使栽培生產盡速復原。 Most mushrooms are cultivated in a closed growing room with basic or advanced facilities in Taiwan. The materials for mushroom cultivation are sawdust filled in polypropythlene bags or bottles, composts, and only few on logs. To avoid any possibilities of contamination from other microorganisms or insects, all substrates must be autoclaved, pasteurized, or composted before inoculation. After putting spawn into substrates, creating an almost sterile environment for spawn running and fruiting is the key factor for good mushroom business. However, all machines, substrates, and cultural environment could be polluted when unpredictable natural disasters occur. Microorganisms would spread with all kinds of pollutants to substrates and cause losses on mushroom yield. All contaminants including probable vectors should be removed and 0.3-0.5% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite is recommended to clean up all growing areas. These immediate approaches could have a beneficial impact in protecting the mushroom crop and limiting the spread of diseases. The damaged industries can be sure to make a quick recovery from calamity.