作物健康種苗在病害管理上之回顧與展望

Abstract

種苗乃作物栽培的根本，健康無病之種苗可以保證初期生育的正常，延緩或減輕後續栽培可能發生的病害流行。因此生產無病健康種苗為病害管理上的關鍵策略。我國自1970 年代初期即開始執行馬鈴薯健康種薯繁殖制度，其成效為各方所肯定。其後又陸續針對大蒜、柑橘、甘藷、香蕉、百香果、綠竹筍、甘蔗、草莓、長豇豆、草莓、葡萄、文心蘭、蝴蝶蘭等作物之病毒病發展健康種苗繁殖與供應體系，近十年來部分作物甚至開始研擬品質驗證制度，希望以政府的公信力對於種苗之健康品質加以輔導並加強消費者應用的信心。上述作物中有些健康種苗的應用效果良好，但有些則並未顯著。部分作物的健康種苗生產與供應已經產業化，並形成商業機制自然運作多年。然而部分則仍由政府提供資源下辛苦經營。本文乃回顧國內歷來發展健康種苗防治體系之實例與累積之經驗，並就以上個案能否形成商業化正常運轉的因素加以檢討。也針對未來產業之發展與健康種苗策略運用之展望，提出個人看法，提供未來我國病害防疫之參考。 Healthy planting materials are the foundation of a fruitful production of agricultural crops. They are essential to promote normal growth, a good start, at the early stage of crop production. They are also vital to slow down, decrease or sometime it can minimize the disease epidemic during later stage of growth development. In the past centuries, people have already fully experienced and realized that by the application of healthy planting materials strategy diseases can be managed reasonably. Our country started at the early 1970s the establishment of mass production of virus-free seed potatoes and proved they were effective to control virus diseases. Since then, there have been more than 13 crops implementing with healthy planting material propagation programs. However, some but not all the programs obtain positive effect on the disease control. Some of the healthy planting material production systems have transformed into sectors of private agricultural business, while some of them are still depending entirely on governmental support to maintain normal production. This paper is to review the experiences gained on the implementation of healthy planting material programs in 13 different crops in Taiwan in the past 5 decades. I will also discuss about some factors that may affect the successful privatization of the propagation system. Furthermore, my personal opinions on the prospects of application of healthy planting material strategy on disease control in Taiwan will be discussed herein.