茶蠶的性費洛蒙研究

Abstract

茶蠶(Andraca bipunctata )性費洛蒙的組成成分，經由氣相層析法分析其質譜圖，以及其DMDS 衍生物之質譜圖後，鑑定出四個主要成分，即十八碳醛（18 : Ald ) ，反-11-十八碳烯醛(E11-18 : Aid)，反-14-十八碳烯醛（E14-18 : Ald ) ，與反，反-11 , 14-十八碳二烯醛（E11, E14 -18 : Ald ) o 此四成分與合成品做比對，質譜圖和氣相層析滯留時間相同。每一雌蟲（l天到3天齡）性費洛蒙腺體含此四成分的量為121±76 , 50 ±20 , 187 ±75 , 237 ±110ng ，比例為20 : 8 : 31 : 410 合成的反，反-11 , 14-十八碳二烯醒在田間試驗可以抓到雄蟲。其它三種則抓不到雄蟲。雄茶蠶觸角對反，反-11 , 14-十八碳二烯醛有劇烈的反應。另外，將去頭雌蟲體內注入PBAN(pheromone biosynthetic activating neuropeptide)之後，反，反-11 , 14-十八碳二烯醛的含量由原來正常雌蟲的55 % ，增加到75 . 5 ％。因此反，反-11 , 14-十八碳二烯醛是茶嵩的性費洛蒙。這是蠶蛾科(Bombycidae)中，第三個性費洛蒙被鑑定出來的蠶蛾。而反，反-11 , 14-十八碳二烯醛則是第一次被稱為昆蟲的性費洛蒙。 Octadecanal (18:Ald), (E)-11-octadecenal (E11-18:Ald), (E)-14-octadecenal (E14-18:Ald) and (E,E)-11, 14-octadecadienal (Eli, E14-18: Ald) were isolated and identified as major components from the pheromone glands of the tea cluster caterpillar, Andraca bipunctata, in Taiwan by analyzing the mass spectra of gland components and their DMDS adducts. GC retention times and mass spectra of the components were in agreement with those of authentic synthetic compounds. The average amount of 18:Ald, E11-i8:Ald, E14-18:Ald and Eli, E14-i8: Aid per female gland (ito 3 days old) was 121±76, 50±20, 187±75, and 237 ± 110ng, respectively, in a ratio of 20:8:31:41. Synthetic E1l,E14-18:Ald caught more males than each of the other three components or blank control in field trapping tests. Eli, E14-18:Ald is reported as an insect sex pheromone for the first time. Male antenna responded to E11, E14-18:Ald strongly in an EAG analysis. Furthermore, 4 hr after the injection of PBAN (pheromone biosynthetic activating neuropeptide) into decapitated female moths (2 days old), the percentage of the E11,E14-C18 Ald in the gland extract increased from 0% to 75.5% , which was also significantly more than that of unligated and uninjected control at 55.1% All these data indicated that Eli, E14-18: Ald is the sex pheromone of the Andraca bipunctata in Taiwan.