| dc.description.abstract | 昆蟲病毒中之桿狀病毒由於對害蟲有致病力，致死力，有儲存性和對環境安全，最適於做為害蟲防治劑。至於桿狀病毒在蟲害防治上之應用，最主要的方法在於將病毒製成殺蟲劑以噴灑方式使用，此外，尚有一些頗具前瞻性的防治法“包括：流行疫病的預測；古典生物防治；半古典生物防治；病毒資源管理；寄生性天敵和捕食性天敵之協助；自動傳染；病毒的早期引進；方格式引進。但由於病毒殺蟲時間長、寄生範圍窄、在環境中易受紫外線破壞、毒力低，使得發展受到限制。可借製劑配方和遺傳工程來改善其殺蟲性質。紫外線保護劑、增強因子和佐劑之添加有助於其在田間之表現。另外，利用基因重組技術：可在病毒基因組中插入對昆蟲有專一性的醃、激素或毒素的基因；病毒本身基因的修飾；異源病毒之重組等亦能改變病毒的殺蟲範圍和增加殺蟲效果。又，田間釋放經基因工程改造過之桿狀病毒之潛在風險和改善其生物安全性之策略亦於本文中討論。
Baculoviruses (BVs) are natural pathogens of insects with great potential as pest control agents, due to their infectivity, lethality storage stability, safety for non-target organisms and environment. Several BVs have been registered and successfully used as short-term insecticides in the control of a variety of insect pests. However, based on the understanding the r-K strategy patterns of insect hosts, other approaches including epizootic prediction, classical biological control, semi-classccal biological control, virus resource management, parasitoid and predator support, autodissemination, early introductions and lattice introductions have also shown some promise in the suppres- sion of insect population. In spite of many advantages of BVs, some drawbacks including lack of virulence, limited host range, relatively slow speed of action and low field stability limited their use in pest control. A number of strategies has been identified to improve their insecticidal properties which include:
genetical engineering of BVs, advancement of formulation, or utilization of viral enhancing factors. The approaches of genetic modification of viral genome include (i) the incorporation of genes encoding insect-specific hormones, enzymes, proteins and toxins, (ii) heterologous recombination of BVs, (iii) the deletion of egt gene. And, the possible risks associated with the release of genetically modified BVs were addressed and the construction of recombinants with biological safety was also discussed in this review. | en_US |
