菇類工廠化生產

Abstract

菇類工廠化生產的背景是為了面對二十一世紀的競爭，在具有國際競爭力之要求下，菇類必須工廠化生產。菇類生產自菌種選擇至採收後處理，一個環節連結著另一個環節。所有的流程都是環環相扣。因為此種生產特性，因此需要進行工業化生產。有競爭性的菇類產業一定要以知識為內涵。以漫長時間換取經驗的時代已成為過去。只有結合有用的知識成為完整的技術。技術本身即是知識應用。因此資訊的收集，判別與應用，都需要藉由現代工業化的資訊管理。這也是菇類產業走向工業化生產的另一主因。菇類產業與工業化生產就其本質有所不同。最顯著的不同是生物性的對象物與生產環境的變化。為了使得菇類產業得以工業化生產。對生物性的特性掌握，就必須藉由生物體的感測與模式分析。以生理感測針對生物體各器官之反應，例如介質溫度、水份含量、菌絲密度與活性等加以感測。藉由生物因子感測瞭解植物生理狀態，再配合環境因子進行調節作用。大氣氣候對菇類生產有決定性影響。為了穩定生產環境，菇舍設施因應而起。可以局部抗拒逆境的簡易設施或是環控設備完善的菇舍，都是為了穩定菇類之生產環境。對於菇類生產要達到工業化生產之境地，首先要建立系統化生產之概念。系統化生產包括以下流程： 1.菌種選育、2. 菌種繁殖、3.生產環境控制、4.管理作業標準化、5.採收，處理與儲存、6.產品加工。 The background of the factorization production of mushrooms was to face the completion of 21st century. Form the Strain screening to post harvest, each operation section was influenced by other sections. All the sections in the production chart are connected. The production characteristics enhanced the style of industrial production. The knowledge was the interior technique for the mushroom industry. The rules established by the long-term experience cannot face the rapid change of the mushroom industry. The detail knowledge was integrated by the useful information. The technique was the application of knowledge. The collection, justified and application of these information depended on the information management technique of modern industry. That is the other reason for the factorization production of mushrooms. The significant difference of the mushrooms industry and the traditional industry was the biological subjects and the effect of the environment. In order to produce mushrooms with factorization technique, the information of the biological characteristics are detected by the sensing system and biological model. The responses of the biological tissues were measured by the physiological sensing sensors. For example, the medium temperature, water content, the density and activity of fungus could be detected. The information of biological factors could be used to justify the physiological state and controlled it by the environment. The outside environment could affect the production of mushrooms. To stabilize the growth environment, the mushrooms houses was constructed. In order to enhance the factorization production of mushrooms, the concept of production system need to be established. The systematic production system included the following items: 1. Strain screening, 2. Strain propagation, 3.Environment control, 4. Standardization of production process, 5. Harvest, treatment and storage, 6. Processing.