植物萃取液對植物病原真菌之抑菌效果

Abstract

評估33科67種植物之水或5 0 % ( w / w )酒精萃取液對於四種植物病原真菌的抑菌功效，結果發現大風子及山韭菜兩種植物之水與酒精萃取液均可完全抑制蕙蘭細斑病菌(Fusarium pro l i f e r a t u m, F801)及小白菜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum higginsianum, PA - 0 1 )抱子發芽;土荊芥與香樁酒精萃取液亦可完全抑制F. proliferatum孢子發芽；而紫花蔓陀蘿、甜菜、天人菊、小白菊、艾草、小花蔓澤蘭、土荊芥、甘藍、山葵葉、百里香、金錢薄荷、仙草、皺葉黑辣薄荷、香樁、食朱萸、茴香及薑黃等酒精萃取液則可有效抑制炭疽病菌孢子的發芽。對於十字花科黑斑病菌(Alternaria brassicicola, ABA31)孢子發芽有抑制效果者為紫花蔓陀蘿、落地生根、香樁、朱槿、篦麻、虎杖及刺茄。除山韭菜對百合灰黴病菌(B o t rytis elliptica, B066)孢子發芽有較佳抑制效果外，食朱萸、土荊芥及薑黃之酒精萃取液效果亦佳，而狗肝菜之水萃取液則具有完全抑制之效果。此外，利用35種植物萃取液防治甜瓜白粉病(Podosphaera xanthii)，結果發現虎杖酒精萃取液可以顯著降低甜瓜切離葉發生白粉病；進一步在溫室測試1000借稀釋液可以顯著(P<0.05)降低甜瓜白粉病的發生率達47.3％。 Aqueous and ethanol extracts of fresh materials from 67 plant species belonging to 33 Family were screened for antifungal activity against spore germination of Fusarium proliferatum isolate F801, Colletotrichum higginsianum isolate PA-01, Alternaria brassicicola isolate ABA31 and Botrytis elliptica isolate B066. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts of Hydnocarpus castaneus and Allium thumbergii (Japanese onion) completely inhibited spore germination of F. proliferatum and C. higginsianum. Ethanol but not aqueous extracts of Chenopodium ambrosiodes (Epazote) and Toona sinensis (Chinese cedar) displayed complete inhibition of the spore germination of F. proliferatum. Ethanol extracts of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Beta vulgaris, Brassica oleracea, C. ambrosiodes, Chrysanthemum parthenium, Curcuma longa, Datura tatula, Etrema wasabi (leaf), Foeniculum vulgare, Gaillardia pulchella, Glechoma hederacea var. grandis, Mentha piperita, Mesona procumbens, Mikania cordata, Thymus vulgaris, T. sinensis, and Zanthoxylum ailanthoides were also inhibitory to spore germination of C. higginsianum. The spore germination of A. brassicicola was effectively inhibited by ethanol extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum, D. tatula, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Reynoutria japonica, Ricinus communis, Solanum aculeatissimum, and T. sinensis. The spore germination of B. elliptica was inhibited by ethanol extracts of A. thumbergii, C. ambrosiodes, C. longa, and Z. ailanthoides, and aqueous extract of Dicliptera chinesis. Among the 35 plant extracts tested, only ethanol extract of R. japonica showed effective suppression of disease severity of powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii on detached leaves. Further trials carried out in the greenhouse showed that the disease severity of powdery mildew was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by R. japonica extract even at 1000 fold dilution.