| dc.description.abstract | 台灣地區紅龍果園線蟲相初步調查，採集新竹關西、台中市后里、彰化二林、南投縣國姓和名間、嘉義大林、台南東山及屏東縣車城等地區的園區內根圈土壤及根系分離線蟲，以線蟲外觀特徵和具種專一性引子對的分生鑑定技術，總計有南方根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)、象耳豆根瘤線蟲(M. enterolobii)、爪哇根瘤線蟲(M. javanica)、花生根瘤線蟲(M. arenaria)、螺旋線蟲(Helicotylenchus dihystera) 、矮化線蟲(Tylenchorhynchus annulatus; T. zeae, T. leviterminalis) 及仙人掌胞囊線蟲(Cactodera cacti) 等9種植物寄生性線蟲。除根瘤線蟲外，其他5種線蟲對紅龍果之生育影響仍有待進一步觀察評估。造成紅龍果根瘤線蟲病害嚴重的主要原因為仟插的植株莖段的基部罹染根瘤線蟲，該莖基部組織會不規則腫大突起，無法再長出新根；已長出之主根感染根瘤線蟲則會造成根表皮組織不規則突起，最後導致根系腐爛呈纖維化；地上部病徵為抽新芽少，生長緩慢，生長勢弱。防治策略首要為田區種植前應先採取土樣檢定有無根瘤線蟲存在，預防新植仟插苗基部受感染，其次為受感染的植株根系及根圈土壤應移除，避免線蟲擴散及新補植苗再受感染。
The preliminary investigation of plant-parasitic nematode diseases of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) was conducted in Taiwan. The rhizosphere soils were collected and plant-parasitic nematodes were identified from Guanxi of Sinchu County, Houli of Taichung City, Erlin of Changhua County, Guoshing and Mingjian of Nantou County, Dalin of Chiayi County, Dongshan of Tainan City and Checheng of Pingtung County. The plant-parasitic nematodes were identified by morphology and species-specific primers, total 9 species were found, including Meloidogyne incognita, M. enterolobii, M. javanica, M. arenaria, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Tylenchorhynchus annulatus, T. zeae, T. leviterminalis and Cactodera cacti. Except for the root-knot nematode disease caused by the Meloidogyne was confirmed, the real effect of the other nematodes on red dragon fruit remains to be assessed. The main reason for root-knot nematode causes severe disease symptom in red dragon fruit mainly due to plant stem section in the base was infected by root-knot nematode, caused irregularly swollen projections and cannot grow new roots; while infection of taproot caused irregular epidermal tissue projections, leading to root rot and then fibrosis; few shoots sprout, slow and weak growth eventually occurred. The first control strategy before field planting is to survey the root-knot nematode for preventing the infection of new stem sections. Secondly, it should remove the infected root and rhizosphere soil, in case to avoid nematode proliferation and further infection of neighbor health plantings. | en_US |
