台南地區檬果重要有害生物管理及產銷概況

Abstract

台南地區檬果的重要有害生物有小黃薊馬 (Scirtothrips dorsalis)、檬果葉蟎 (Oligonychus mangiferus)、檬果夜蛾 (Chlumetia transversa)、東方果實蠅 (Bactrocera dorsalis)、檬果葉蟬類、介殼蟲類等，分別為害檬果的新芽、嫩葉、花穗、幼果、 枝幹、葉片及果實等部位。其中以小黃薊馬為害最嚴重，於果實表面造成粗糙的疤痕，影響其商品價值。檬果葉蟎主要為害老葉；檬果夜蛾為蛀食新梢及花穗的害蟲；東方果實蠅則是為害成熟果實。檬果的產銷主要可分為國內市場與外銷市場，其中愛文檬果的外銷逐年增加，以輸日之外銷量最高，韓國次之。以供貨鄉鎮而言，南化鄉在外銷的數量為最高。 In the Tainan district, the major threats to mango production are thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis ), mango red spider mites (Oligonychus mangiferus), mango shoot borers (Chlumetia transversa), oriental fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis), mango leafhoppers, and scale insects that damage buds, leaves, inflorescence, fruit, and trunks of mango trees. Scirtothrips dorsalis has the most significant effect in the Tainan area because it creates rough scars on the mango that affects the commercial value of the fruit. Oligonychus mangiferus damages mainly the foliage of the mango plant. Chlumetia transversa injures the shoot and florescence of the mango plant. Bactrocera dorsalis damages the fruit of the tree. Mango production and marketing in Tainan are aimed at both domestic and export markets. The export of Irwin mangos has been increasing yearly, with Japan as the primary purchaser, followed by Korea. Of all of the Townships in Taiwan, the Nan Hua Township supplies the most Irwin mangos for export.