利用燈光誘殺器及黃色黏板調查蒜球貯藏期之害蟲族群消長

Abstract

台灣蒜球貯藏期可達十個月，因害蟲為害常導致貯藏病害發生及品質劣變。為瞭解蒜球貯藏期間害蟲為害狀況，本研究自2004 年10 月21 日起至2005年4 月26 日止，分別在雲林縣六座倉庫進行害蟲調查，除調查袋內蒜球害蟲相外，並利用燈光誘殺器及黃色黏板調查倉庫內害蟲族群消長，以瞭解此兩種調查方法與害蟲實際發生之相關性。調查結果顯示袋內蒜球害蟲種類共有9種，主要為煙甲蟲（Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius)）、米出尾蟲（Carpophilus obsoletus Erichson）及粉斑螟蛾（Cadra cautella (Walker)）。以燈光誘殺器調 查，另增麥蛾（Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier)）及亞扁穀盗（Palorus subdepressus (Wollaston)）兩種害蟲，共有11 種，主要害蟲的發生與蒜球內者相似；害蟲族群消長，從開始調查至翌年一月期間以煙甲蟲、米出尾蟲為主，一月之後粉斑螟蛾則有逐漸增加的趨勢。以黃色黏板調查蒜球害蟲共有11 種，害蟲相與 蒜球內發生相似，但所誘集的害蟲數量上，以粉斑螟蛾及煙甲蟲數量最多，米出尾蟲數量則偏低，與袋內蒜球及燈光誘殺器調查之結果差異較大。燈光誘殺器調查蒜球害蟲族群消長，發現調查所有害蟲數量在兩週內最高可達26 萬隻害蟲，未來蒜球貯藏期間，推廣燈光誘殺技術以降低主要害蟲族群密度，應具有極佳防治潛力。 The garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) after harvested are stored with more than 10 months; they frequently infected with diseases and/or insect pests and their quality became inferior. In order to survey the damage of stored garlic bulbs by insect pests, population fluctuation of insect pests in the garlic storehouses was investigated from October 10, 2004 to April 26, 2005 by direct sampling garlic bulbs in the stored bags and trapping with light traps and yellow sticky cards in six warehouses located in Yunlin County, Taiwan. There were 9 species of insect pests found in garlic bulbs. Among them, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), Carpophilus obsoletus Erichson, and Cadra cautella (Walker) were the dominant species. By using light traps, there were 11 species of insect pests trapped and L. serricorne, C. obsoletus, and C. cautella also were the major species. The result also showed that L. serricorne and C. obsoletus were the dominant species before January 2005. However, the density of C. cautella gradually increased thereafter. There were 11 species of insect pests trapped by yellow sticky card; and the trapped insect fauna was similar to what was observed in the garlic bulbs. However, the densities of L. serricorne and C. cautella were greater than other species. The population density of C. obsoletus trapped by yellow sticky cards was lower than those estimated by light trap and direct sampling. During the investigation period, the largest number of all insect pests tapped by light traps in a two-week interval was two hundred and sixty thousands. In conclusion, light trap is a valuable method for control of the key nsect pests of garlic bulbs during stored period.