路易氏始葉蟎(Eotetranychus lewisi)於聖誕紅(Euphorbia pulcherrima)上之發育及族群介量

Abstract

路易氏始葉蟎（ Eotetranychus lewisi McGregor ） 以聖誕紅（ Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.）飼養於16、18、20、22、24、26、28 和30℃定溫下，觀察 溫度對各齡葉蟎發育時間的影響。藉由2 種發育速率模式來預測其發育總積溫、 發育臨界低溫、最適發育溫度和致死溫度。觀察及分析20、24 和28℃的成蟎壽 命、繁殖率及族群介量。結果顯示，卵期在16-28℃時平均發育時間為2.5-8.1 日， 30℃時所有供試葉蟎卵均無法孵化。幼蟎期平均發育時間為1.8-3.9 日，第一若 蟎期平均發育時間為1.4-2.9 日，第二若蟎期平均發育時間為2.3-4.1 日。由卵發育至成蟎的平均發育時間為8.0-19.0 日。由直線模式推算卵發育至成蟎的發育總積溫為159.16 日度（degree-day），發育臨界低溫為8.3℃。由Lactin 模式之曲線圖推算卵發育至成蟎的發育臨界低溫為9.0℃，最適發育溫度為27.8℃，致死溫度為28.2℃。在20、24 和28℃定溫下，雄成蟎壽命依序為19.4、12.3 和7.9 日，雌成蟎壽命依序為12.2、16.0 和9.6 日；每一雌成蟎一生總產卵量依序為20.7、50.5 和32.1 粒。內在增殖率（r）在20℃時為0.0988/日，在24℃時為0.1731/日，在28℃時為0.1145/日。平均世代時間（T）在20℃時為19.8 日，在24℃時為16.68日，在28℃時為13.16 日。 Eotetranychus lewisi McGregor was raised at 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 ℃ on poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.), to observe the effect of temperature on the developmental times of the immature stages. We predicted the thermal summation, low temperature threshold, optimal temperature, and lethal temperature with 2 models of the developmental rate. Furthermore, we observed the longevity, fecundity and population parameters of E. lewisi at 20, 24, and 28 ℃. The results showed that the developmental time of the egg was 2.5-8.1 days at 16-28 ℃. At 30 ℃, no eggs were able to hatch. The developmental time of larva was 1.8-3.9 days. The developmental time of protonymph was 1.4-2.9 days. The developmental time of deutonymph was 2.3-4.1 days. The developmental time from egg to adult was 8.0-19.0 days. The thermal summation was 159.16 degree-days and the low temperature threshold was 8.3 ℃ as calculated by the linear model. The low temperature threshold was 8.3 ℃, the optimal temperature was 27.8 ℃, and the tethal temperature was 28.2 ℃ as calculated by the curve of Lactin model. At 20, 24 and 28℃, the longevities of adult male mites were 19.4, 12.3, and 7.9 days and those of female ones were 12.2,16.0, and 9.6 days, respectively. Total fecundities at 3 constant temperatures were 20.7, 50.5, and 32.1 eggs, respectively. The intrinsic rates of increase were 0.0988/day at 20 ℃, 0.1731/day at 24 ℃, and 0.1145/day at 28 ℃. The mean generation time were 19.8 day at 20 ℃, 16.68 day at 24 ℃, and 13.16 day at 28 ℃.