植物病原原核生物其媒介昆蟲整合管理之研究進展

Abstract

植物病原原核生物的媒介昆蟲，主要來自葉蟬科、沫蟬總科、飛蝨總科與木蝨總科，此類媒介昆蟲的管理方式，至今仍著重在化學防治，但媒介昆蟲傳播植物病害的速度很快，即便施用化學藥劑也無法阻止病害的發生。為了有效降低媒介昆蟲族群密度及病害傳播，發展蟲媒病害與媒介昆蟲的整合管理技術有其必要，為此本文回顧與討論媒介昆蟲的整合管理，包括化學防治(如輪用不同殺蟲作用機制的殺蟲劑)、生物防治 (如生物天敵與微生物防治)、物理防治 (如油劑、高嶺土、昆蟲阻隔網、可吸收紫外光塑膠布與黃色黏蟲紙等) 與耕作防治措施等。 The major vectors of prokaryotic plant pathogen are found within the Cicadellidae, Cercopoidea, Fulgoroidea, and Psylloidea. To date among all known methods for managing plant diseases caused by plant pathogenic prokaryotes have focused on controlling the vectors with insecticides. In general, vectors disseminate the disease pathogens quicker than the insecticides can act on the vectors. Researchers are turning to develop an integrated management technology to minimize the vector populations and hence lessen the disease incidence. The technology scheme is reviewed and discussed herein, including chemical controls by using insecticides of different chemical groups in rotation, biological controls by the usage of natural enemies and symbiont control, physical controls by the application of oils, kaolin, insect-proof screening, UV-absorbing plastics, or yellow sticky traps, and the tillage control measure.