中國薊馬之形態特徵及發育與繁殖

Abstract

中國薊馬(Haplothrips chinensis Priesner)卵灰黃色。幼蟲有二齡，頭與前胸背板黑褐色；前胸周緣、後胸及腹部第3、4、8節紅色；腹部第9、10節黑褐色；身體其餘各節黃色。前蛹為紅色與黃色間雜，蛹期紅色素不均勻散布至整個身體，近羽化時身體各節與翅纓漸轉為黑褐色。成蟲主要特徵為觸角第3節長形，具1支單一感覺錐，第4節具2對單一感覺錐；眼後毛與前胸主剛毛末端寬鈍；前翅中央縮陷，後緣具逆插纓，基部起第3支毛末端尖銳。以成蟲之特徵或幼蟲體節紅色素之有無，可以與數近似種薊馬區辨。於20℃與25℃定溫下，以朱槿(Hibiscus rosasinensis L.)花粉飼育時，自卵至成蟲之嶺育分別需33.4與24.7日，30℃時發育期縮短為17.5日。於20、25、30℃卵至成虫之羽化率分別為40.2、39.4與24.2%：未交尾雌成蟲於20、25℃下之壽命分別為82.1與85.5日，30℃時之壽命縮短為29.8日，此時皆可行孤雌生殖，且總產卵數為63.5～78.6粒。交尾雌蟲在25℃下之壽命為68.3日，平均產卵數54.6粒；雄蟲壽命23.1日。 Haplothrips chinensis Priesner has gray to yellowish eggs. From dorsal view, larva appears with dark brown, red and yellow color: its head, prothorax, abdominal segments IX and X are dark brown; the posterior edge of prothorax, metathorax, abdominal segments III, IV and VIII are red; and the rest of the segments are yellow. Red color expanded unevenly to the whole body during pupation. Adult female has one sense cone on antenna! segment III; two pairs of sense cones on segment LV; terminal end of postocular setae and major setae on prothorax expanded; middle of forewing narrowed, with duplicated cilia. Haplothrips chinensis can be distinguished from H. gowdeyi (Franklin) and H. aculeatus (Fabricius) and H. ganglbaueri Schmutz by morphological characteris tics of adults and by the body color patterns of larvae. In laboratory H. chinensis were reared with pollens of Hibiscus rosasinensis L.. The thrips spent 33.4, 24.7, and 17.5 days to develop from egg to adult, and the survival rates were 40.2, 39.4, and 24.2 % , under 20, 25, and 30℃ , respectively. On the average, parthenogenetic females lived 82.1, 85.5 and 29.8 days under 20, 25, and 30℃, and during those periods 78.6, 63.5, and 67.3 eggs were laid, respectively. Under 25℃ the mated female lived for 68.3 days and laid 54.6 eggs, while males lived for 23.1 days.