食物對亮腹釉小蜂之壽命、卵形成及族群增長之影響

Abstract

亮腹釉小蜂(Tamarixa radiate (Waterston))成蜂除取食柑橘木蝨(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)蜜露外，雌蜂尚取食寄主體液供卵形成所需之養分，其取食寄主數為寄生寄主數之28％。為改進亮腹釉小蜂在室內之繁殖方法，乃就蜂蜜、花粉、酵母抽出物及寄主昆蟲等食物，探討此等對亮腹釉小蜂之壽命、卵形成、族群增長及取食柑橘木蝨數之影響。結果得知在25℃下無寄主供應時，亮腹釉小蜂僅供食蜂蜜即可顯著延長壽命達22.5天，與供食蜂蜜與花粉之混合物或蜂蜜與酵母抽出物之混合物時之壽命無顯著差異；而供水或未供食時壽命僅1.0~1.7天。另繁殖亮腹釉小蜂時，雌蜂經供食蜂蜜與酵母抽出物之混合物後，不但可顯著減少對柑橘木蝨之取食蟲數，且該蜂之內在增殖率從對照組之0.2976／天提高為0.3014／天，淨增殖率也從對照組之140粒雌性卵／雌增加為187粒雌性卵／雌。 Female adults of Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) feeding on honeydew excreted by Diaphorina citri Kuwayama as well as host haemolymph provided nutrient sources for egg production. The number of hosts on which the wasps fed was 28 % that of hosts parasitized. Attempt to improve mass rearing of T. radiata, effects of diets such as honey, pollen, yeast extract and the host on longevity, egg production, population increase and the number, of hosts fed by the wasp were studied in the laboratory. The results showed that at 25℃ and without host provided, there was no difference in longevity for female adults fed with honey. (22.5 days), honey and pollen (23.0 days), and honey and yeast extract (23.4 days), while adults provided without food or with water only, survived 1.0 and 1.7 days, respectively. Adults fed on the diets provided with honey and yeast extract significantly decreased the number of hosts they fed, but increased the intrinsic rate of increase and the net reproductive rate to 0.3014/day (check treatment was 0.2976/day) and 187 female eggs/female (check treatment was 140 female eggs/female), respectively.