台灣雜糧貯藏期間受蟲害之損失及其燻蒸處理

Abstract

為瞭解臺灣雜糧貯藏期間害蟲發生為害並探討其防治方法，經於1973年8月～12月在本省北、中、南部61處倉庫中採樣調查，並舉行部份燻蒸試驗。在雜糧之儲藏期間發現害蟲竟達24種。其中鞘翅目12科22種，鱗翅目2科2種。雜糧儲藏1~4個月之受害損失率平均為小麥約1.09%，大麥1.58%，大豆0.30%，玉米2.23%，高粱3.90%。經使用好達勝(Phostoxin)燻蒸劑防治害蟲，分另確圓 筒倉庫(Sifo)散裝小麥進行大量處理，並以袋裝之麥麩及玉米，堆積後用塑膠布覆蓋，進行小量處理，燻蒸結果均有顯著治蟲效果。 Sixty one warehouses throughout Taiwan were chosen, August through December, 1973, to investigate the damages done by various insect pests to the stored grains. Among the pests found twenty two species of Coleopterous and two Lepidopterous pests were considered most important. The percentages of infestation to soybean, wheat, rye, corn and sorghum were 0.30%, 1.09%, 1.58%, 2.23% and 3.9% respectively. For the prevention of the injury caused by pests, the cleaning and disinfectatio of the warehouse are strongly recommended,. When pests were found before the grains were stored, the treatment should be done immediately, The method used for the control was to fumigate the wheat in cylindrical silos or bagged bran or corn under a big plastic tent with phostoxin at 3-5 tablets/m. t. of stored grains. Results of the treatment were very effective for controlling these pests.