溶磷菌肥料應用於水芋栽培的方法與成果

Abstract

由於水芋的養分利用率低，水芋肥料推薦量非常高，使養分回收率偏低，造成肥料投入的浪費。藉由溶磷菌肥料的輔助，提升養分吸收能力，可能比單純使用化學或有機質肥料，更能提升肥料利用。本研究於2018 年春作水芋分別執行溶磷菌肥料肥功效田間驗證試驗及溶磷菌肥料整合性施肥試驗。肥功效田間驗證試驗使用2 種市售液態溶磷菌肥料，並依據施肥量及溶磷菌肥料型式分為9 種處理，整合性施肥試驗則發展溶磷菌肥料與化學肥料及有機質肥料等整合性施肥技術，並確認溶磷菌肥料肥功效。肥功效田間驗證試驗顯示，全量施肥有最高的養分吸收量、生質量及產量，可能是土壤交換性鉀過高，使氮的供應成為限制因子，但是2/3 肥料用量下，施用其中1 種溶磷菌肥料活菌處理，養分吸收量、生質量及產量與全量施肥沒有差異，顯示該溶磷菌肥料有助於肥料減量。整合性施肥試驗顯示，在肥料用量相同情形下，施用溶磷菌處理者，地下部根長較對照處理長，地上部莖基寬度、葉長、葉寬及生質量較對照處理高，產量亦高於對照處理，溶磷菌肥料肥功效顯著。溶磷菌肥料應用於水芋栽培，建議土壤肥力應維持平衡，避免養分供應成為限制因子，溶磷菌肥料施用頻率2 週1 次，並增加溶磷菌施用次數，可能使肥功效更明顯。 The verification field test and the integrated fertilization test of phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers were carried out at taro in paddy field at 2018. Fertilizer verification field test used 2 kinds of commercially available liquid phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers. This field test had 9 treatments according to the rate of fertilizer and phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers type. The integrated fertilization test aim at the development of microbial fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer integrated fertilization technology, which will help in confirm the effect of phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers. Fertilizer verification field test showed that full rate of fertilization has the highest nutrient absorption, biomass and yield, may caused by the high soil exchange potassium which result in the supply of nitrogen becomes a limiting factor. The treatment of 2/3 rate of fertilization and application of one kinds of phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers, nutrient absorption, biomass and yield are not significant different with full rate of fertilization. The integrated fertilization test showed that under the same fertilizer rate, the root length was longer than that of the control treatment, the shoot width, leave length, leaf width and biomass were higher than that of the control, and the yield was higher than that of the control treatment. The application of phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers at taro in paddy field must base on well soil fertility. Increasing in frequency and times of microbial fertilizer application may strengthen the fertilizer effect.