長期施用豬糞尿有機肥對地下水污染之影響及合理施用量之評估

Abstract

禽畜排泄物農田利用為傳統農業中養分流的重要環節，同時亦為土壤保育的有利措施。深層滲漏而污染地下水之有關因素為有機物之使用量、土壤性質、作物條件及氣候。台糖公司自營農場施用豬糞尿有四十餘年的經驗，抵有在超量施灌及透水性特高（砂礫地或砂質土壤）之土地上以及施灌後遇大雨時可能發生污染質滲漏現象。地下水污染防治之道是質量平衡與水質監測並重。地下水質監測涉及地下水水文的瞭解，監測井構造、佈置、施工以及採樣分析等因素，準確資料必須有全程的品保品管作業。有機肥料之肥效評估需透過試驗研究分別以短期及長期觀點加以探討方能兼顧資源利用及污染防治之永續經營。台糖公司施用豬糞尿有機肥料在自營農場，以1993年為例節省化學肥料價值約1200萬元，並未發現任何地下水質劣化現象。 Utilization of animal wastes in farming land is an important section of nutrient flow in traditional agriculture. It is also a good management pratice for soil conservation. Ground water pollution by deep percolation of pollutants is closely related to the loading rate of manure, soil characteristics, crop and field management, and climatic conditions. Taiwan Sugar Corporation (TSC) has more than 40 years of experience in land application of hog manure. Deep percolation of nitrate might occur only on very coarse-textured soils with over loading of organic fertilizer followed by heavy rain. Effective control of ground water pollution mainly depends on mass balance of manuring practice and monitoring of the environment. Monitoring of ground water quality involves hydrology, well intallation, water sampling and chemical analyses. A QA/QC program is required in order to obtain good results. Fertilizer equivalent of hog manure was evaluated by a series of lysimeter and field experiments for the purposes of resource recovery and pollution abatement in a sustainable sugarcane agriculture. Hog manure application for chemical fertilizer substitution saved about 12 million NT$ in 1993 in TSC’s sugarcane plantations without any adverse effect on ground water quality.