地方種無竹嵌紋病毒綠竹健康管理體系之建立與推廣

Abstract

本研究旨在建立與推廣地方種無竹嵌紋病毒綠竹健康管理體系。2010-2012年調查北部地區綠竹主要栽培區綠竹嵌紋病罹病率高達80-100%，竹嵌紋病毒成為危害綠竹生長及竹筍產量品質嚴重的病害。因竹嵌紋病毒主要藉由耕作農器具操作時之機械性傳播, 利用無竹嵌紋病毒之綠竹苗全面更新將可達到病害防治目的。桃園區農業改良場自2003年起利用目測及配合酵素結合抗體檢定法(ELISA)篩選健康綠竹, 2005年將無竹嵌紋病毒之母樹種植於桃園縣新屋鄉本場建立母樹園。2010年於桃園縣復興鄉設置無病毒綠竹示範圃一處，示範區栽植桃園地方種無竹嵌紋病毒綠竹苗，對照區栽植罹嵌紋病毒綠竹苗，並於2011-2012年比較二年生及三年生無竹嵌紋病綠竹示範區與罹竹嵌紋病毒綠竹對照區的產量、產值與品質差異，結果發現二年生示範區比對照區提早12天採筍，總產量可提升1.34倍，總產值增加1.42倍，三年生示範區比對照區提早8天採筍，總產量可提升1.45倍，總產值增加1.55倍，且無竹嵌紋病綠竹筍品質優於罹竹嵌紋病毒綠竹筍。 The purpose of this study was to establish and extend of the health management system of Bamboo mosaic virus-free clones/plants of Taoyuan local-variety green bamboo . Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) is the most destructive disease affecting plant growth and shoot production in quality and quantity of green bamboo. The disease incidence of BaMV in the green bamboo major grown areas in the north area of Taiwan ranged between 80 and 100%. Because BaMV was mechanically transmitted mainly by cultural practices via farming tools, thus the use of virus-free clones to control this disease becomes feasible and effective. Since 2003, eye-inspection and/or the ELISA methods have been used for the indexing of the virus. A green bamboo virus-free mother plants plot was set up in 2005 at Taoyuan DARES. Yield and quality of bamboo shoots from a demonstrated plot in Fuxing was also recorded in 2011 and 2012, the field next to the demo-plot with BaMV-infected plants served as control. Results indicated that yield and quality from the virus-free plants were much higher and better than that from the diseased plants.