乘座式果園開溝兼施肥機之研發

Abstract

果園合理化施肥管理方法對產量及品質的提昇頗有助益，但大多農民都以表面撒施肥料確容易造成肥料的流失或影響肥效，經證實在樹冠下採取開溝後施肥之管理方式效果頗佳，也可節省肥料用量，但目前施肥方式多是以人工用中耕機或者小型挖土機在果樹週圍開溝後施肥至溝中後覆土，為節省人力並加快作業速度，本場研製完成乘座式果園開溝兼施肥覆土機一台，其機體規格尺寸為長250 cm×寬180 cm×高150 cm，主要功能為開溝兼施肥後覆土等項目，性能測試結果：開溝深度為15-20 cm，寬度為20-25 cm，螺旋輸送器轉速為25-30 rpm及每小時行走速度為0.8 km時，每分鐘肥料出量約8-10 kg，覆蓋鬆土寬度約75-80 cm，鬆土後平整性佳，本機每天以8小時計，其作業效率約0.8-1 ha。 Rational fertilization is a management method being helpful to improve the harvest volume and quality of an orchard. However, most of the farmers apply fertilizer on the surface of fruit trees, causing loss of fertilizer or reducing the effect of fertilizer. It has been proved that if farmers adopt a way of fertilization management with fertilizer applied to the ditches dug by the side of tree crowns, better effect can be achieved, and the amount of fertilizer to be used can be decreased. Nevertheless, fertilization is still mainly undergone manually with the help of cultivator or small-sized excavator, which dig ditches around fruit trees for farmers to apply fertilizer to the ditches and fill them up by soil. In order to save labor and accelerate the operation speed, our Station has completed the research and development (R&D) of a ride-on orchard ditching, fertilizing and ditch filling machine with specifications at length 250 cm × width 180 cm × height 150 cm. Its main function is to dig ditches, apply fertilizer, and then fill up ditches. The results of its performance test are: depth of ditch is 15-20 cm; width of ditch is 20-25 cm; rotational speed of spiral conveyor is 25-30 rpm, and walking speed is 0.8 km per hour; fertilizer spray is 8-10 kg per minute; and loose soil filling is 75-80 cm. After soil loosening, the flattening of farmland is satisfactory. The operation efficiency of the machine is 0.8-1 hectare per 8 hours.