北部地區農業污染源監測調查

Abstract

本研究旨在監測調查北部地區灌溉水、酸雨及氟化物空汙等農業污染源發生情形，並進行作物人工模擬酸雨受害試驗，篩選指標作物以提供酸雨監測。2007至2011年於6條主要溪流灌溉水監測調查，桃園縣南崁溪上下游、社子溪下游及新竹縣茄苳溪上下游、鳳山溪上下游電導度每年皆超過灌溉水質標準，且以茄苳溪最高，2007至2009年南崁溪重金屬銅含量亦超標；而於桃園區農業改良場酸雨監測，12至4月降雨酸鹼值月平均皆低於pH 5，尤其以2010年12月pH 3.8為最低；氟化物空氣汙染監測於2007年及2011年新竹縣竹東鎮頭重里監測點，氟化物檢測含量分別為48.5及95 ppm超過臨界濃度。人工模擬酸雨調配硫酸溶液及硝酸溶液，處理供試作物以建立受害之徵狀試驗，僅芥菜葉片出現葉綠素消失、葉色白化之急性硫酸傷害，而對作物株高影響各處理間不顯著。 The purposes of this study were to monitor and investigate the occurrence of irrigation water, acid rain and fluoride of agricultural pollution sources in the northern part of Taiwan and conduct the experiment of simulated acid rain to select plant indicator. Experiments were conducted to determine the EC and heavy metal effects of six rivers’ irrigation water on the soil properties from 2007 to 2011 in Taoyuan County and Xinzhu County. The results showed that conductivity value of the Jiadong river surpasses the irrigation water standard frequently, next for Nankan river, Shezih river and Fengshan river. Heavy metal of copper content surpasses the irrigation water standard frequently at Nankan brook from 2007 to 2009. The investigation of acid rain in Taoyuan showed that month-average values of rain were lower than pH 5 from December to April and the lowest was pH 3.8 at December in 2010. The monitoring of air pollutant-fluoride in Zhudong township, Xinzhu County showed that fluoride value of Gladiolus were higher than critical concentration in 2007 and 2011.In the test of simulated acid rain, the height effect on crops with treatment by various pH value of sulphuric acid and nitric acid were insignificant against check, but leaf mustard treatmented with pH 2.6 and 3.6 of sulphuric acid showed decoloration of leaves.