柑橘斑星天牛之生態與防治

Abstract

斑星天牛Anoplophora macularia ( Thomson ))為台灣危害柑橘最重要之基幹害蟲，經記錄之寄主植物達50種以上。本蟲每年發生一世代，成蟲多在4月初至10月間出現，以6至7月間密度最高。成蟲羽化後先以枝葉皮層為食，俟數天之後再開始交尾產卵。產卵時多在樹幹基部咬出裂隙而產卯其中，卵經7-10日孵化。幼蟲先繞蛀皮層，待三齡後再蛀入木質部，往往造成植株枯死。防治斑星天牛之技術可綜合運用藥劑塗刷（生石灰混合硫磺）、藥劑噴佈（噴在樹幹基部防止產卵及葉部毒殺成蟲）、物理器械（人工捕殺成蟲、鐵絲鉤殺、燻殺幼蟲及包紮幹基阻止產卵）、生物防治（卵、幼蟲寄生蜂及白殭菌）及田間管理（清除根際雜物、灌溉施肥、增強樹勢及選種抗性品種）等等。 The white-spotted longicorn beetle, Anoplophora macularia ( Thomson ) is the most destructive insect pest of citrus tree trunks. It injuries more than 50 host plants. There is only one generation per year in Taiwan and the adult often emergences from early April through October with a peak on June. The adult needs to feed on the new leaves and twigs, and after a few days it begins to do copulation and oviposition. Mostly, the female bites an incision with her mouthpart and deposits an egg inside at the base part of tree. The eggs hatched within 7-10 days and the young larvae fed on the bark first, and then bored into the solid wood after the third instar that might cause the plant to die. The control methods include the white-brushing (with Lime and Sulfur), chemical spraying (on tree base or canopy to avoid egg depositing or to kill the adult), mechanical method (hand picking, wire net and iron wire), biological control (egg and larval parasitic wasps and fungus Beauveria spp.) and cultural practice (sanitation on tree base, irrigation, fertilization, tree vigor and tolerance variety), etc.