台灣荔枝育種之現況與未來展望

Abstract

台灣荔技育種工作於民國71年起陸續開始執行，負責的單位為農業試驗所嘉義分及鳳山分所。育種目的為選育不月產期，產量高且穩定、品質與風味具有特色之優良品種。育種程序依序為訂定育種目標、親本選擇、雜交授粉、實生苗培育與選被、品種系比較試驗、區域試驗、植物性狀檢定與品種權的申請。其中雜交授粉同時採用人工授粉及自然授翰粉。實生苗培育採用密植及高接兩種方式。 實生後代初選以調查其果實性狀為主，優選品系評估則兼具果實性狀、產量與適應性，目前已成功培育出7個品種，分別是「台農1號翠玉」、「台農2號旺荔」、「台農3號玫瑰紅」、「台農4號吉荔」、「台農5號紅寶石」、「台農6號豔荔」與「台農7號早大荔」。這些新品種利用品種特性搭配海拔及緯度差異的配置可將產期由現在5月中旬至7月上旬，調整成3月下旬至8月上旬，亦即產期可由現有的1.5月延長至5個月。新品種栽培成本亦較低約10元-20元/斤，此僅為玉荷包的一半。此外，新品種在5℃可貯藏2至4週，有利於外銷。農業試驗所這些新品種的育成，將可為荔枝產業帶來新的契機。 Taiwan litchi breeding program was conducted from 1982. The responsible organisms arc Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station and fengahan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Station, TARI. The breeding objectives were various mature seasons, high, regular yields, good liasor and qualities with valued chamcters. The procedure of breeding were as follows, making breeding objectives. choosing parents, controlled hybridtzation, seedlings handling and selection, line evaluation, advanced regional trials and plant right application. Open and controlled pollination were conducted in hybridization. The spacing of 3 m x 1 m was suggested to handle large population of seedlings. Fruit characters were the main evaluated item in seedlings selection stage, however, yield and adaptability were also included in line evaluation stage. Recently seven hybrids namely ”Tainung No- 1 Tsuey Yu”, “Tainnung No. 2 Wang Lee” and “Tainting No. 3 Rose Red”, “Tainung No- 4 Lsrge lychee”, “Tainung No. 5 Ruby”, “Tainung No. 6 Clorfisl lychee” and “Tainung No. 7 Eary Big” have been released. The mature seasons were front early March to early August.