催花藥劑對‘台農四號'鳳梨果實形質之影響

Abstract

本研究係將1%電石水、Ethrel 1500倍＋尿素2.8%、Ethrel 3000倍＋尿素2.8%、0.1mg NAA粒劑、0.2mg NAA粒劑等催花藥劑，分別處理於栽植後一年，發育整劑均勻的‘台農四號’鳳梨植株，計五處理四重複，採逢機完全區集設計進行試驗。催花效果以1%電石水最高且穩定，高濃度Ethrel施用效果甚佳，但隨濃度降低效果漸減；NAA以0.1mg粒劑催花效果較佳，增加藥量催花效果反而降低。各藥品處理至抽穗或至成熟日數，相差不大，但是提高Ethrel濃度，略有提前抽穗趨勢；而增加NAA藥量卻稍有延緩抽穗趨勢。藥品處理間對果實糖度未造成明顯差異；但對酸度則有影響，以NAA處理者最高，其次爲Ethrel處理者，電石水處理者最低。催花藥品對果梗粗細無影響，但施用高濃度Ethrel有顯著的提高果梗長度。對菓實形狀之影響，以電石水處理者正常果形（圓筒形）比率最高，Ethrel居次，NAA最低；正常形果比率愈高則塔形果率愈低。再者塔形果之比率隨Ethrel及NAA濃度的提高而有增加。 For flower induction, plants were treated with various chemicals after plantation of one year. The treatments of flower-inducing chemicals included 1% calcium carbide solution, Ethrel (dilution 1:1,500)+Urea 2.8%, Ethrel (dilution 1:3,000)+Urea 2.8%, NAA 0.1 mg tablets, and NAA 0.2 mg tablets, The experimental results revealed that 1% calcium carbide was the most effective and reliable flower induction agent for the pineapple cultivar Tainung No.4. A high concentration of Ethrel and NAA 2mg treatments were also effective in the induction of flowering. No significant differences in days from treatment to flowering or maturity were found among the treatments. The acidity of the fruits were affected by the treatments, particularly the application of NAA; however, the sugar content was not influenced by the treatments. The highest percentages of normal-shaped fruits were obtained from the treatment of 1% calcium carbide. Applications of Ethrel nod NAA tended to increase the percentage of taper fruit. Furthermore, the ratios of taper fruit increased us the concentrations of Ethrel and NAA increased.