利用RAPD分析本省栽培非洲菊品種之遺傳歧異性及其雜交後代之遺傳性

Abstract

利用逢機增殖核酸多型性(RAPD)分析三十個非洲菊品種之遺歧異性，測試200個10-mer逢機核酸引子(primer)，共有9個逢機引子(OPK-07、OPK-14，OPK-20、OPL-08、OPL-11、OPB-01、OPV-06、OPV-12及OPV-13)之反應產物具多型性條帶(99條帶)，利用條帶之有無計算遺傳相似係數，介於0.34~0.71之間，平均值為0.48。算出遺傳相似矩陣，再以UPGMA的方式進行歸群分折，可區分I (Chiayi-1、Kristel、Amigo、Irmgard、Star Light Venturi)、Ⅱ (Nero、Easter Star、Floreant丶Ansofie、Tacora)、III (Goldspot、Sunset丶Marie-Loise、Lieselot)、Ⅳ (Fame、Nicola)、V (Laurentius、Mengold、Rosabella、Chiali、Rozamunde、Estelle、Rosula、Fuego、Jaffa、Chiayi-2)、Ⅵ (Nevada、Sundance、Rosamette)群。八個非洲菊雜交品系、二個重組自交系與其父母本間之親緣性分析，發現所有RAPD分子標誌可歸為七類。第I在父、母本及子代皆出現的分子標誌有240個(42.3%)；第Il類出現在父本及母本的分子標誌有49個(8.6%)；第III類僅出现在父本及子代的分子標誌有66個(11.6%)；第Ⅳ類僅出現在母本及子代的分子標誌有67個(11.8%)；第V類為父本特有的分子標誌有49個(8.6%)；第Ⅵ類為母本特有的分子標誌有70個(12.3%)；第Ⅶ類為子代特有的分子標誌有26個(4.6%)。第Ⅳ類的分子標誌比例多於第Ⅲ類、第Ⅱ類，而以第Ⅶ類雜交品系的特有標誌比最少。至於在二非洲菊重組自交系與其親本間之親緣性分析，發現僅出現在子代的分子標誌有12.5%。 Ninety-nine reproducible polymorphic bands derived from nine RAPD random primers were used for the analyses of genetic similarity. The average similarity coefficient was 0.48 and ranged from 0.34 to 0.71. The genetic similarity of 30 collected Gerberas were classified into six groups. The six varieties which belonged to group I included 'Chiayi-l', 'Kristel', 'Amigo', 'Irmgard', 'Star Light' and 'Venturi'. Another five varieties belonged to group II - 'Nero', 'Easter Star', 'Floreant', 'Ansofie' and 'Tacora'. Four accessions included 'Goldspot', 'Sunset', 'Marie-Loie' and 'Lieselot' and belonged to the group Ill. Cultivars 'Fame' and 'Nicola' belonged to group IV. Ten varieties which belonged to group V included 'Laurentius', 'Merigold', 'Rosabella', 'Chiali', 'Rozamunde', 'Estelle', 'Rosula', 'Fuego', 'Jaffa' and 'Chiayi-2'. Three varieties belonged in group VI and were 'Nevada','Sundance' and 'Rosamette'. Although many polymorphic bands were produced amongst different varieties, none showed any polymorphic bands that are involved with flower colors or types. Nine random primers were also selected by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and to detect the molecular marker in eight hybrid combinations and two recombinant inbred lines of Gerbera. In this study, 65.7% of the RAPD markers (Type I, Ill, and IV) were found to reveal additivity among parents and offspring in three populations of Gerbera. However, 29.5% of markers (Type II, V, and. VI) were absent in offsprings, but 4.6% of unique markers (Type Vll) present in offsprings. Moreover, 12.5% of unique markers (Type VII) were present in two recombinant inbred lines.