Burkholderia gladioli引起之鳳梨果腐病

Abstract

將採集自南投縣及嘉義縣之無病徵鳳梨剖開後發現花室組織褐化及輕微軟腐的現象。經柯霍氏法則確認分離自鳳梨之病原為細菌；生理生化測定顯示病原細菌為革蘭氏陰性，桿狀，具單極生一至多根鞭毛之好氣菌，在KB培養基上不會產生螢光色素，在NA上為白色菌落，培養後產生可溶性黃色色素，此結果顯示該病原細菌與Burkholderia gladioli的特性相近，經Biolog鑑定以及脂肪酸分析結果亦為B. gladioli。以對B. gladioli具專一性CMG-23-1/G-23-2引子組對病原菌進行PCR鑑定，可產生388 bp大小的專一性DNA條帶，再以f8-27/r1510引子對增幅該病原菌之165 rDNA片段進行定序與鑑定，確認該病原菌為B. gladioli，由B. gladioli引起之鳳梨果腐病在鳳梨病害上為首次記載。以11種殺菌劑測試在一般使用濃度下對該病菌生長之抑制效果，顯示供試11種藥劑包括歐索林酸、鋅錳乃浦、四環黴素、氫氧化銅、嘉賜黴素、嘉賜銅、鏈四環黴素、多保鏈黴素、鏈黴素、鹼什氯氧化銅及三元硫酸銅等藥劑均能抑制病原菌生長，且以歐索林酸抑制效果最佳。 A new record of pineapple disease in Taiwan was investigated. The disease did not cause apparent symptoms on pineapple plants or fruit surfaces, but it induced browning and mild soft-rot to the fruit flesh, similar to the pineapple marbling disease caused by Pantoea ananatis. Based on the symptom and pathological studies, physiological and biochemical analyses, Biolog GN2 and MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification comparisons, the pathogen was identified as Burkholderia gladioli. PCR identification showed that the pathogen, same with B. gladioli isolated from various host plants, contained a DNA segment of 388 bp that is not found in P. ananatis. Results from 16S rDNA sequencing and comparison revealed that the degree of similarity to the ones of B. gladioli reached 99%. Besides, eleven commercial agrochemicals were tested and all found to inhibit the growth of this pathogen; among which, oxolinic acid was identified to be the most effective one.