由Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines引起的毛豆細菌性疱斑病

Abstract

2016年夏天在嘉義六腳種植的毛豆葉片上首先發現細菌性疱斑病(bacterial pustule disease of soybean)，為台灣新紀錄病害。同年，在屏東萬丹鄉社口及新鐘地區的毛豆葉片、葉柄及莖部上也發現同樣問題。這些病徵經組織分離及柯霍氏法則確認，是由具病原性的細菌所引起。分離所得的病原細菌經生理生化反應、碳源利用、Biolog鑑定、16S rDNA定序鑑定以及PCR測定等鑑定試驗，確認分離自毛豆的供試病原細菌為Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines。篩選毛豆品種對X. axonopodis pv. glycines抗感性，顯示高雄7號較具抗性。初步室內藥劑篩選，測試供試10種藥劑對供試毛豆病原細菌生長的抑制效果，除了嘉賜黴素外，其他9種藥劑對供試所有毛豆病原菌株生長均有抑制效果，依序為多保鏈黴素、鏈四環黴素、歐索林酸、氫氧化銅、鏈黴素、鹼性氯氧化銅、鋅錳乃浦、嘉賜銅、三元硫酸銅。 This paper reports the identification of a bacterial disease of soybean (Glycine max) in Taiwan. The disease was first found in the summer of 2016 in Liujiao Township, Chiayi County and later found in Wandan, Pingtung County. The causal agent has been verified by Koch's Postulates to be a bacterial pathogen. A series of physiological and biochemical tests, Biolog identification system, and sequence comparison of the 16S rDNA identified the pathogen as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. Preliminary screening of soybean cultivar for resistance to X. axonopodis pv. glycines showed that Kaohsiung #7 was more resistant against the pathogen. Furthermore, a preliminary chemical screening using ten commercial formulated agrochemicals found that except kasugamycin, 9 agrochemicals were effective and ordered by their level of effectiveness were thiophanate-methyl+ streptomycin, streptomycin+ tetracyclin, oxolinic acid, copper hydroxide, streptomycin, copper oxychloride, Mancozeb, kasugamycin＋copper oxychloride, and tribasic copper sulfate.