颱風天然災害後香蕉病害的綜合管理

Abstract

香蕉遭受的天然災害，以颱風最為嚴重。颱風後，蕉區有待加強管理的主要病害包括黃葉病、黑星病、葉斑病、嵌紋病及萎縮病。黃葉病的綜合防治措施包括遴選合適地點及土壤診斷種植健康種苗、疫區採用抗耐病品種、加強排水、合理施用肥料及及除草劑。黑星病綜合防治措施包括加強清園、妥善輪替使用保護性及系統性殺菌劑及提早果房套袋。葉斑病綜合防治措施為加強清園、妥當使用殺菌劑避免病菌產生抗藥性、作好排水及採用地面噴灌。嵌紋病綜合防治措施包括蕉區避免與茄科或豆科作物比鄰或間作、田畦覆蓋反光布、安裝噴灌設施、清除雜草、儘早剷除病株及定期噴施棉蚜防治藥劑。萎縮病防治措施包括加強清園、使用健康種苗及定期噴施蕉蚜防治藥劑。 Typhoon is the most devastated natural disaster for banana crop in Taiwan. The disease managements which are essential to be applied after typhoon damage in banana plants are Fusarium wilt, leaf freckle, black Sigatoka, banana mosaic and banana bunchy top disease, respectively. The integrated management feasible for Fusarium wilt of banana includes (1) site selection and soil analysis, (2) use of healthy in viro plantlet, (3) adoption of a resistant variety, (4) good drainage, and (5) early eradication of infected plant, respectively. The integrated management for controlling leaf freckle of banana comprises (1) sanitation, (2) alternation of the use of systemic and protectant fungicide, and.(3) early bagging of emerged fruit bunch. For black Sigatoka, besides (1) sanitation, and (2) proper use of the fungicides as those for managing leaf freckle, other approaches involve (3) good drainage and (4) irrigation system under the leaf canopy too. The integrated management for banana mosaic covers (1) avoidance of planting banana plantlets in the proximity of crops such as the Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae and legume , which are the common source of aphid vectors to spread CMV., (2) application of silver mulching along the planting site of plantlet, (3) set-up of the spray irrigation, (4) removal of weeds, (5) early eradication of infected plants, and (6) use of pesticide to reduce the infestation by cotton aphid, respectivley. For managing bunchy top of banana, good sanitation, use of virus-free plantlet, and regular spray of pesticide to prevent the outbreak of banana aphid also are required.