近紅外光分析技術及冷鹼糊化法分析米粒成份可行性之研究

Abstract

本研究選用嘉義分所保存171個水稻品種(系)為材料，其中包括151個日本型，20個印度型水稻，以Bran +Luebbe公司製造之InfraAlyzer 450型之近紅光分析(near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, NIRS)進行水稻米粒品質成的定量分析，結果發現NIRS建立之直鏈澱粉、粗蛋白、水分、灰分等四條檢量線R2值均達0.95以上，尤其粗蛋白與水分兩檢量線的R2值更高達0.99，可見檢量線預測值與傳統化學分析值相差小，顯示這些檢量線已具實用價值。此外，以冷鹼糊化法將糙米以米粒、單粒方式，在不經磨粉及加熱過程處理，而直接以1.8N的NaOH膠化米粒20小時以上的分析中，結果發現分析重複間之標準機差梢少大（±0.33~1.81）外，其結果與一般常用Juliano’s法分析值的相關係達0.98以上，由於此種分析方式可節省樣品磨粉或碾白、加熱等程序，且樣品秤量所需時間亦縮短，因此在以直鏈澱粉為選拔目標性狀的育種過程中，因須分析大量雜交後代，此種簡便且縮短分析時間的方式，應頗具實用價值。 171 rice cultivars (151 japonicl type and 20 indica type) were available for this study by the courtesy of Chai-Yi Agricultrual Experiment Station, TARI. Two objectivers of this study were to determine the moisture, crude protein, ash and amylose content by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and to determine the amylose content of half or single seed by cold alkali solution method (CAS). It was found that the content of moisture, crude protein, ash and amylose can be measured by the N1RS technique, the R: values of the four calibration lines were all higher than 0.95. These results showed that the NIRS could be a very useful tool to determine rapidly the four quality consitutents with a mass of sample in rice breeding program. Using the CAS method to analyze the amylose content of half or a single brown rice kernel without powdering the grains and skipping the heating procedures, the kernels were gelatinzed by l .8N NaOH solution for about twenty hours and then analyzed by Alpkem AutoAnalyzer. It was found that the standard errors of the CAS were somewhat larger in some varieties (range: ±0.33〜L8), but because this method for determining: the amylose content is simple and quick in sample preparation, it might he a potential method when amylose content as the selection criterion in a rice breeding program.