嘉義地區甘藷蟻象的綜合管理

Abstract

本研究甘藷（Ipomoea batatas L.）以台農66及57號品種作為試驗植材，並將試驗田劃分為綜合管理處理區及對照區。在嘉義試驗田藷苗植後2.5個月至採收期間，放置甘藷蟻象（Cylas formicarius（Fabricius））性費洛蒙誘蟲器誘殺雄蟲結果顯示，夏作甘藷台農66 號品種於對照區與處理區之甘藷蟻象雄蟲密度，分別較秋作台農66號品種明顯增加7.8及4.3倍。夏作甘藷台農66號品種於藷苗植後4.5個月，甘藷蟻象於對照區的每取樣點 （1 × 1 m^2） 塊根危害率為73.1±24.3%，較處理區5.6±2.9%顯著為高。又夏作塊根重量以處理區為4,666.7±47.3 g/m^2，顯著高於對照區1,366.7±340.8 g/m^2之3.5倍。秋作甘藷於藷苗植後5.5個月，甘藷蟻象於對照區的每取樣點塊根危害率，台農66號品種為5.8±6.3%，高於台農57號品種2.4±4.1%之2.4倍。又秋作甘藷台農57與66號品種，種植在處理區的塊根重量皆較對照區分別增為3.4及1.6倍，而秋作塊根重量仍以處理區台農66號品種4,313.3 g/m^2 高於台農57號品種3,483.3 g/m^2。將夏、秋作處理區採收期的塊根進行農藥殘留檢測，均未發現有農藥殘留。因此，甘藷生育期間實施甘藷蟻象綜合管理技術，除可減少甘藷甘藷蟻象危害外，亦無農藥殘留的疑慮，且可確保甘藷的產量與品質。 Two sweet potato varieties, TNG 57 and TNG 66, were used as experimental materials in this study, and the experimental treatment was divided into two parts, the integrated management and control. During the growing time of sweet potato plants from 2.5 months to harvesting in Chiayi, the results of the density of the weevil, (Cylas formicarius (Fabricius)) in sex pheromone-baited traps showed that TNG 66 in summer cropping was 7.8 and 4.3 times respectively, higher than that of fall cropping in both integrated management and control field. After 4.5 months of growing in summer cropping, per 1 ×1 m^2 of sweet potato roots were sampled, showed that the damaged roots of TNG 66 in control field was 73.1±24.3% which was significantly higher than that of the integrated management treatment, 5.6±2.9%. As for the root weight from the integrated management field was 4,666.7±47.3g/m^2, which was 3.5 times higher than that in control, 1,366.7±340.8g/m^2, and there was significant difference between both treatments. After 5.5 months of growing in the fall cropping plants, the damaged roots of TNG 66 in control field was 5.8±6.3% which was 2.4 times higher than that of TNG 57, 2.4±4.1%. In fall cropping, the root weight of TNG 57 and TNG 66 in integrated management field was 3.4 and 1.6 times higher than those in control. However, the root weight of TNG 66 in the integrated management field was 4,313.3 g/m^2, which was higher than that of TNG 57, 3,483.3 g/m^2. The residue of roots in integrated management field was also detected, and showed that insecticide residue had't found in the test. And so, the manipulation of the integrated management during the growing time of sweet potato could not only reduce the damage of weevils, but also get rid of the suspicion of insecticide residue, and it was capable to increase the root yield and quality.