台灣果樹產業現況與輔導措施

Abstract

我國果樹栽培管理與產期調節技術進步，多種果樹可周年生產。歷年來政府除協助建置生產保護設施、改善集運產銷設施(備)外，配合產業發展需求，結合農委會所屬試驗改良場所及大專院校專家成立技術服務團，辦理教育訓練與果園現場實務診斷與指導，果品品質日益提昇，受國內外消費者肯定。由於水果具有高度替代性，政府從縮減不具競爭力果樹栽培面積及設置外銷供果園，逐步調整果樹產業結構並建立安全穩定之供應鏈。然而，台灣果樹產業規模小，近年雖積極拓展國際市場，然面對國外大農企業化與標準化競爭，台灣水果外銷量仍僅佔總產量之1-2%，因此台灣果樹產業如何發展為具競爭力之外銷型產業或優質安全的內銷導向產業，是政府、業者與果農必需嚴肅正視之課題。近年全球氣候變遷造成之極端氣候頻傳，增添農業生產之不穩定因素。尤其311日本強震與海嘯所造成複合式災害之衝擊與影響，更超乎人類之預期與所能控制的範圍。面對日益加劇之生產不穩定因素，果樹產業所需面對已不再是產量豐歉或品質良蠹的問題，而是如何永續生存與發展的挑戰。 Due to the improvement of technological management and production period adjustment, most fruit tree product year around in Taiwan. Over the years, our government builds protected production facilities, improve the transportation equipment; therefore, in order to fit industry development’s need, government combine experts who belong to COA and university to establish technical service group to set up training and orchard practice and diagnosis, so fruit quality keep rising and could satisfy local and export market. Due to the high alternative, our government adjusts fruit industrial structure and establishes safety and stability supply chain by reducing planted area of uncompetitive variety, and building exported orchards. However, export amount account for only 1-2% of total production because small scale planted is difficult to compare with foreign standardization enterprise. Therefore, how to develop competitive exported or high quality and safety domestic fruit industries is critical issue for our government, farmers and industry. In recent years, global climate change causes the extreme weather and increases the instable agriculture production; especially 311 earthquake and tsunami in Japan. To save instable production problem, fruit industry has to focus on sustainable challenge, instead of production and quality.