不同株型水稻品種在臺北地區之生長行為與榖粒產量
Other Title
Growth Behavior and Grain Production of Three Rice Varieties Exhibiting Different Plant Types in Taipei
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
23
Journal Issue
3
Start Page
166
End Page
175
Date Issued
1974-09-02
Date
1974-09-02
Author(s)
漆匡時
蔡慶雄
黃真生
K.S. Chi
C.H. Tsai
C.S. Huang
Abstract
1. 為了解臺北地區水稻栽培一年兩期的困難，從株型及栽培法之改良上解決問題。材料為臺農61號、高雄秈育12號、臺中試138號，方法為兩肥料處理，調查項目是株高、產量構成因子、葉面積指數、全乾物重、氣象等。
2. 臺北地區氣象不適合一年種植兩期水稻，第一期作之生育初期與第二期的後期均是低溫，寡日照，比較不適合水稻生長。
3. 臺農61號株高超過110公分以上，兩期作均倒伏，高雄秈育12號和臺中試138號株高很理想。臺農61號一期作無效分蘗太多，二期作受高溫抑制，分蘗太少。高雄秈育12號尚稱理想，惟第一期作初期因低溫分蘗停頓。臺中試138號第一期作具有蓬萊稻和秈稻的優點，就是分蘗高，有效分藥亦多，但第二期作却相反。
4. 兩個蓬萊稻品種的葉面積指數均是開花之前最高，約5-6.5，但以後迅速下降。高雄秈育12號品種第二期重肥區LAI太高，引起互相遮蔭，反而導致減產。
5．臺農61號全乾物重第一期作Kg/m2超過1，可惜穀／草比小於1，產量僅5噸／公頃。高雄秈育12號Kg/m2 0.8-0.9，因穀／草比大於1，產量同樣為5噸／公頃。二期作單位面積全乾物重比第一期低一些，穀／草比均小於1。
6. 穀粒產量第一期作高過第二期約27%，第一期作任何品種，均以重肥區產量較高。第二期作除臺中試138號外，重肥反而減產。
7. 用育種方法將秈稻中之半矮性因子引入蓬萊稻中，將可育成半矮性之優良品種。除去蓬萊稻第二期作對高溫之敏感及秈稻第一期作對低溫之敏慼性，以增加有效分蘗，蓬萊稻使用「V」字型施肥法可減少無效分蘗及保持生育後期LAI高，結果產量增加。育成第二期作全乾物重(kg/m2)大於1，穀／草比率亦大於1的品種，均有助於米穀增產。
1. In this study, growth behavior of 3 rice varieties, Tainung 61, Kaohsiung Sen Yu 12 and Taichung Strain 138 at 2 levels of fertilizers was investigated in relation with grain yield and yield components in the 1st and 2nd rice crops of 1970. Tainung 61 is a typical Ponlai, and Kaohsiung Sen Yu 12, a tropical semidwarf lndica ; while Taichung strain 138 is a Ponlai possessing the semidwarf gene from Taichung Native 1.
2. As climate is concerned, Taipei is one of the extremes where rice is commercially grown 2 crops a year. The season of the 1st crop starts with low temperatures and sunlight intensities, and terminates with the high ones, while those in the 2nd crop, which yields considerably lower than the lt crop, are just the reverse.
3. The curves of plant height, spotted once every week in life cycle, indicated that the plants in the 2nd crop season were more apt to elongation, particularly when Taichung Strain 138 was concerned. Tainung 61 lodged in both crops due to its tall stature inter— acted with heavy manuring. The curves of the number of tillers per plant of the 2 Ponlais showed different patterns in the 1st and 2nd crops, whereas those of Kaohsiung Sen Yu 12 were almost similar. Apparently higher temperatures in the early part of the 2nd rice crop season suppressed tillering ability of the 2 Ponlais, but not that of Kaohs iung Sen Yu 12.
4. Leaf area indices of the 2 Ponlais reached the maximum of about 5-6.5 before floweri ng, and dropped to about 1-2 before harvest. Total dry matter production of the 3 van eties ranged between 0.9 kg/m2 and 1.l kg/m2, without much differences between the 2 seasons, despite the fact that there existed considerable differences between seasons in the patterns of the curves of tillers number per hill.
5. Considerably greater differences in grain yield existed between seasons, about 27% in average, than those between varieties and between fertilizers. Decreases in the number of panicles per hill, the percentage of filled grains and 1,000 grain weight caused the yield reduction in the 2nd crops of 2 Ponlais. The yield reduction of Kaohsiung Sen Yu 12 in the 2nd crop was due to the decreases in the number of grains per panicle and 1,000 grain weight, which could not he compensated by an increase in the number of panicles per hill.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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