台灣玉米栽培技術之改進
Other Title
The Improvement of Cultural Practices for Corn Production in Taiwan
Journal
雜糧作物生產技術改進研討會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第49號
Pages
43-60
Date Issued
1995-05
Date
1995-05
Author(s)
曾清田
Ching-Tien Tseng
Abstract
本省近十年來玉米栽培技術改進，具顯著成效者有（l）不整地播種；(2）雙層施肥；(3）輪作制度調整及（4）玉米螟綜合防治“不整地播種在花東地區已普遍推行。據臺東場及花蓮場試驗結果指出，實施不整地播種可減少植株倒伏率，增加產量5-7%，提高收益31-61％。雙層施肥由於簡化田間作業，節省施肥量，促進玉米生育及產量，目前已在全省玉米主要栽培區，普遍採行。據花蓮場試驗報告指出，採用雙層施肥可增加玉米產量6％。據臺南場辦理五年（75-79年）水旱田輪作試驗結果顯示，水稻-田菁-玉米之輪作模式，因夏季種植田菁可改善土壤肥力，使秋作玉米平均公頃產量增加31%，最為明顯，此一耕作模式已在雲嘉南地區普遍推行。而飼料玉米螟實施綜合防治（全期釋放蜂片四次，每次每公頃釋放75片，計釋放300片，並於輪生初期及後期各施放粒劑一次），較一般慣行法（藥劑法）每公頃可增產422公斤，每公頃增加收益6,057元。長期全面大量釋放赤眼卵蜂片，已使嘉義地區玉米螟密度從74年平均每誘蟲器誘集到之雄蛾數7.2隻降至79年的4.8隻，使玉米螟田間密度降幅達33.3%。顯然長期全面性大量釋放蜂片之結果，已收到累積抑制（accumu-lative suppression）玉米螟族群密度之效果。
In the last decade the improved cultural practices on field corn with significant effectiveness included (1) non-tillage cultivation; (2) two-layer fertilizer application; (3) cropping system adjustment; and (4) integrated control of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). Non-tillage cultivation had been widely practiced in eastern area. The experimental results of Taitung DAIS and Hualien DAIS indicated that non-tillage cultivation reduced the number of lodged plants, increased grain yield and net return by 5-7% and 3 1-60% , respectively as compared with tillage cultivation. Two-layer fertilizer application technique was designed to simplify and reduce the labor cost for fertilizer application. This cultivation technique had been prevalently adopted in the major corn production area islandwide. According to the experimental report of Hualien DAIS, the practice of two-layer fertilizer application increased grain yield by 6% as compared with conventional fertilizer application. In order to increase the efficiency of water use and land resources, the cropping system of rice-sesbania-corn had been introduced in Yun-ChiaNan areas. The 5-year experimental results provided by Tainan DAIS indicated that practicing the cropping system of rice-sesbania-corn increased corn grain yied in fall crop by 31 % as compared with the rotation pattern of rice- soybean-corn. Applying integrated control (release of Trichogramma ostriniae four times each with 75 egg sheets/ha combined with 2 insecticide treatments at the early whorl and the lately whorl stages) was much more effective in decreasing the percentage of damaged plants and increasing the grain yield per hectare than the conventional control (i.e., insecticide treatments applied from the early whorl to the pollen shedding stages at an interval of 7 to 10 days). According to field survey of Ostriniae furnacalis population density with virgin female traps in Chiayi area showed that the Asian corn borer had been dropped from 7.2 moths/trap in 1985 to 4.8 moths/trap in 1990. It was obviously that in the long term of large scale and mass release of T. ostriniae had obtained accumulative suppression of the Asian corn borer population density in Chiayi area.
Event(s)
雜糧作物生產技術改進研討會
Subjects
玉米
栽培技術
不整地栽培
施肥
輪作
玉米螟
Corn
Cultural practice
Non-tillage
Fertilization
Cropping system
Corn borer
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
conference paper
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