Xylella fastidiosa 的媒介昆蟲生態學與傳病機制
Other Title
Ecology and transmission mechanism of leafhoppers vectoring Xylella fastidiosa
Start Page
51
End Page
61
ISBN
978-986-02-8242-9
Date Issued
2011-07
Date
2011-07
Author(s)
Abstract
果樹木質部難養菌病害中最受矚目的即是由 Xylella fastidiosa 引起的細菌性病害，此菌為革蘭氏陰性且端部長有纖毛。它侷限於植物木質部導管中繁殖，並造成水份阻塞而產生植物急速缺水、焦枯的病徵。全球重要的經濟果樹病害如葡萄皮爾氏病 (Pierce's disease) 及柑桔斑駁黃化病 (citrus variegated chlorosis)
即由此菌造成。褐透翅尖頭葉蟬 (Homalodisca vitripennis) 入侵美國加州後，即成為皮爾氏病的主要媒介昆蟲，因其具有長距離遷移的能力、雜食性及高發生率，可加速皮爾氏病的擴散，對美國釀酒葡萄產業造成巨大的威脅。近年來我國亦於中部橫山梨園區發現此菌造成梨葉緣焦枯病 (pear leaf scorch) 的案例，經由田間
監測與分子檢測結果，推測白邊大葉蟬為候選媒介昆蟲。由於許多因子均可影響此病害的發生率與嚴重性，在做好防治策略規劃前，必需先對各種影響因子徹底了解，如病原菌的分類、特性、感性植物及中間寄主之物種範圍、媒介昆蟲種類及其生態學、傳病機制與適宜發病的環境條件等。故本篇擬針對葡萄皮爾氏病的蟲媒機制、傳病率與我國梨葉緣焦枯病候選蟲媒白邊大葉蟬之生物學及生態學的
研究進度做一報告。
Xylella fastidiosa Wells (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae)is a gram- negative and pili-forming bacterial pathogen. The fastidious bacterium colonizes only in xylem tissues and hence causes diseases by blocking water passages in many economically important hosts. The most famous diseases are Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). The glassy-winged sharpshooter leafhopper, Homalodisca vitripennis Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a xylophagous insect that is an endemic pest of several economically important plants. H. vitripennis has been a major vector of PD in southeastern United States for decades, and has become an important vector of PD in California after its introduction in 1990.
Because of its ability for long distance movements, polyphagous behavior, and high frequency of occurrence, it had put much of USA grape production at risk. Recently, this bacterium was reported to cause pear leaf scorch (PLS) disease in central Taiwan.
Based on the results of filed inspections and molecular detections, Kolla paulula has been considered as the candidate vector for PLS disease. In order to control diseases caused by X. fastidiosa, the following factors should be well understood: the characteristics of the pathogen, the susceptible and alternative host plants, the biology and ecology of candidate vectors, the favorable environmental conditions for the pathogens and the vectors. In this article, the ecology of the vectors and their transmission efficacies and mechanism will be discussed.
Event(s)
農作物害蟲及其媒介病害整合防治技術研討會
Proceedings of the Symposium onIntegrated Management Technology of Insect Vectors and Insect-Borne Diseases
Subjects
木質部難養菌
傳病機制
傳播率
褐透翅尖頭葉蟬
葡萄皮爾氏病
梨葉緣焦枯病
Xylella fastidiosa
Mechanism of transmission
Transmission efficacy
Homalodisca vitripennis
Pierce's disease
Pear leaf scorch
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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